GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT IN FENUGREEK : A REVIEW

MANOJ KUMAR*, MAHAVIR PARSAD AND R. K. ARYA¹

Department of Vegetable Science, CCS HAU Hisar

¹Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS HAU Hisar

* (Email: drvermamanoj@gmail.com)

(Received : 5 August 2013; Accepted: 25 October 2013)

SUMMARY

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is traditionally used as a spice and forage crop in parts of Asia, Europe, Africa, North and South America and Australia. This crop is now being cultivated as an annual forage legume crop and spice crop in India.Its green leaves and seeds are used for multipurpose. 100 g of seeds provide more than 65% of dietary fibre due to its high fibre content and it has an ability to change food texture. It is well known for its gum, fibre, alkaloid, flavonoids, saponin and volatile contents. it is used as food stabilizer, adhesive and emulsifying agent due its fibre, protein and gum content. Without enough variability and successive judicial selection, development of suitable cultivar(s) with high seed yield and quality under prairie conditions will not be possible.To reach its full potential, high yielding, early maturing fenugreek cultivars that produce good seed yield and quality need to be developed. Variants showing improved seed yield and yield attributing traits that can be used for cultivar development.

Key words: Fenugreek, yield, quality improvement

39(1) 1-9

EVALUATION SAINFOIN POPULATIONS IN REACTION TO POWDER MILDEW DISEASE IN DIFFERENT CLIMATE CONDITIONS OF IRAN

MOHAMMAD ALI ALIZADEH ^*1 AND  ALI ASHRAF  JAFARI ²

 Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran

 * corresponding author: E- mail: Alizadeh202003@gmail.com

 Agricultural and Natural resources research center of Zanjan, Lurestan and Esfahan province

SUMMARY

In order to evaluation of the sainfoin populations, to powder mildew disease in different climate conditions, 40 populations were cultivated in the research stations including: Zanjan (Zanjan province) Semirom (Esfahan province), , Khoramabad (Lourestanprovince), Tabriz (East Azarbyjan), and Sanandaj (Kordestan province). The infected plants were selected and the fungi of Leveillula taurica was identified as agent of powder mildew disease. Result of disease severity index on the populations with natural infection showed that all populations had different degree disease severity index. Combined analysis of variance over locations showed that there were significant differences between locations, populations, populations x locations interaction effects for disease severity index , disease percentage rate and forage yield. Mean comparison of populations showed that disease severity index of two populations including: Poly cross and Oshnavieh were as 0 to 25% and both of them were considered as tolerant populations to powder mildew disease.

Key words: Powder mildew disease, Sainfoin , disease severity index

39(1) 10-15

EVLUATION OF HYBRIDS FOR DRY FODDER YIELD STABILITY IN PEARLMILLET

ABHAY BIKASH, I. S. YADAV AND R. K. ARYA

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCSHAU, Hisar-125004

(Email:iswaryadav@gmail.com)

(Received: 13 November 2013; Accepted: 27 November 2013)

SUMMARY

An experiment was conducted to study the stability of thirty hybrids of prearlmillet during kharif season at four locations. Analysis of variance  for stability (Table 1) revealed that mean squares due to genotypes and environments + G x E interaction were highly significant, indicating thereby existed significant differences among genotypes and also the environments were different from each other and genotypes reacted differently in different environments. The results also revealed that two hybrids viz., 94111A x 1250 and 96111A x (G73-107xbsectap1) were found stable over the environments. The hybrid ICMA97444 x ICMR0/035 was suitable for poor environment.

Key words: Hybrids, environment, stability, dry fodder yield and pearlmillet

39(1) 16-19

MORPHOMETRIC  DIVERSITY OF RABI SORGHUM

GERMPLASM LINES

D. SHIVANI AND CH. SREELAKSHMI

Agricultural Research Station, Tandur

(E mail: rishith_sree@rediffmail.com)

(Received: 7 August 2013; 23September 2013)

SUMMARY

Hundred rabi sorghum genotypes grown at Agricultural Research Station, Tandur, ANGRAU, A.P. during rabi 2011-12 were observed for eight different morphological characters and the data were subjected to analysis of variance. Significant differences were recorded among the genotypes with regard to different morphological characters. Eighty genotypes of rabi sorghum were grouped into fourteen clusters following the Tocher’s method of clustering analysis utilizing data on a set of yield and its component characters. Cluster X and XI formed individual clusters and had the maximum genetic divergence. Maximum inter cluster value was observed between clusters XI and VI followed by VI and IX which indicated that the genotypes included in these clusters may give heterotic response and thus better segregants. The lines derived from the same source of parentage were grouped into different clusters demonstrating the impact of selection pressure in increasing genetic diversity.

Keywords: Rabi sorghum, morphological characters, clustering analysis and genetic divergence.

39(1) 20-23

EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND ZINC ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF FODDER SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH) VARIETIES

MITESH BHOYA, P.P. CHAUDHARI, C.H. RAVAL and P.K. BHATT

Directorate of Research,

S.D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar -385506 (Gujarat)

(Email: pratikraj2009@gmail.com)

(Received: 14 August 2013 ; Accepted: 25 September)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted on loamy sand soil of the Agronomy Instructional Farm, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar to study the, effect of nitrogen and zinc on yield and quality of fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties during summer season of 2011. Eighteen treatment combinations consisting of two varieties, viz., GFS 4 and GFS 5; three levels of nitrogen viz., 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha^-1 and three levels of zinc viz., 0, 2 and 4 kg Zn ha^-1 were tried in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated that among the variety of fodder sorghum, GFS 5 performed better in respect to green forage (257 q ha^-1) as well as dry matter (119 q ha^-1) yield than variety GFS 4. The variety GFS 5 exhibited maximum crude protein, crude fiber, N and Zn content as well as its uptake. Application of 120 kg N ha^-1 significantly increased green forage (262.44 q ha^-1) as well as dry matter yields (120.28 q ha^-1) and enhanced the crude protein, crude fibre content as well as uptake of N and Zn over 40 and 80 kg N ha^-1 .Application of zinc @ 4 kg Zn ha^-1 was found significantly superior and produced highest green forage (254 q ha^-1) and dry matter yield (120 q ha^-1) than 2 kg Zn ha^-1. Crude protein as well as content and uptake of N and Zn also found maximum with 4 kg Zn ha^-1.

Keywords:  Fodder sorghum, Nitrogen, Varieties and Zinc.

39(1) 24-26

EFFECT OF FERTILITY LEVELS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF MULTICUT FORAGE SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH) GENOTYPES

D.S. RANA, BHAGAT SINGH, K. GUPTA, A. K. DHAKA* AND S. K. PAHUJA

Forage Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding

* Department of Agronomy

CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

(Email: bsdahiya@gmail.com)

(Received: 1 October 2013; Accepted:25 October 2013)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted at main Forage Research Area, CCS HAU, Hisar  with three multicut genotypes of sorghum (SPH 1622, CSH 20MF and CSH 24MF) were grown with four fertility levels viz. control, 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 100% RDF (100 kg N+30 kg P₂O₅/ha) and 150% RDF. The plant height, green fodder and dry matter yield of multicut sorghum genotypes were significantly influenced by different genotypes and fertility levels. The green fodder and dry matter yield of CSH 20 MF were superior over SPH 1622 and CSH 24 MF on the basis of total of two cuts. The maximum plant height, number of tillers, green fodder and dry matter yield were recorded at 150% RDF, which was significantly higher than lower doses of fertilizer during both the cuts. The highest crude protein yield and digestible dry matter (DDM) were also recorded at 150% RDF.

Key words: multicut sorghum, fertility levels, green fodder and dry matter yield.

39(1) 36-38

EFFECT OF NITROGEN LEVELS ON GREEN FODDER YIELD OF OAT (AVENA SATIVA) VARIETIES

ABHIJEET DUBEY, G.S.RATHI AND RAKESH SAHU

College of Agriculture, JNKV, Jabalpur (M.P.)-482004

(Email: Abhijeet121282@gmail.com)

(Received 3OCT 2013

summary

Livestock is the integral component of agriculture since times immemorial and its contributions to national economy through milk, meat, wool as well as farm yard manure is enormous. However, the low productivity of our livestock is mainly due to poor availability of feed resources. Amongst several fodder crops, oat proved to be the most successful and suitable fodder crops (Singh, 1971) with the availability of high yielding early, medium and late maturing varieties. Keeping the above view over fodder production this experiment was conducted under Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications in year rabi 2006 for knowing economic outfit. The variety OS-6 with 120 kg nitrogen/ ha proved significantly superior in producing maximum green fodder, dry matter and crude protein yields and fodder oat cultivar OS-6 with 120 Kg nitrogen/ ha fetched maximum monetary advantage and proved most remunerative with benefit: cost ratio of 2.87.

Keyword: Oat, Forage, N levels, and varieties.

39(1) 39-41

VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS STUDIES IN SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH)

S. K. JAIN AND P. R. PATEL

SorghumResearch Station

 Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University,

Deesa 385535 (BK) Gujarat. India

*( E mail- skjain_sdau@yahoo.co.in)

(Received: 20 March, 2012, Accepted: 23 March, 2013)

SUMMARY

The present study was carried to know the variability parameters and character association in single cut sorghum varieties under the arid and semi arid condition of Gujarat. Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was maximum for green fodder yield followed by dry fodder yield and their per day productivity. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance and high GCV was observed for green fodder yield followed by dry fodder yield and their per day productivity, leaf breadth and plant height. The green fodder yield showed positive and significantcorrelation with dry fodder yield, green and dry fodder yield per day, number of leaves per plant, plant height, leaf length and stem girth. It was also observed that characters that exhibited positive associations with fodder yield have also showed positive associations among them selves. The characters like green and dry fodder yield per day and number of leaves per plant were exerted positive directeffectson green fodder yield. Where as the plant height, leaf length and stem girth showed negative direct effect with green fodder yield, which may be a result of the indirect effect of these traits via other traits.

Key words: variability, character association, path analysis, single cut sorghum

39(1) 27-30

VARIATION IN FORAGE YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS OF DUAL PURPOSE BARLEY UNDER DIFFERENT AGRONOMIC PRACTICES

GURPREET KAUR, AJAIB SINGH* C S AULAKH AND J S GILL

Department of Agronomy

Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana

*Department of vegetables

(Email: maan_gk@rediffmail.com)

(Received: 20 September, 2013; Accepted:25 October, 2013)

SUMMARY

A field experiment on barley crop was conducted during Rabi 2006-07 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. The treatments consisted of combination of three varieties (PL 172, PL 426 and RD 2552) and two row spacings (15 cm and 22.5 cm) in the main plots and two forage cutting stages (at 45 and 60 DAS) in the sub plots were laid out in split plot design with three replications. PL 172 variety gave significantly higher yields of dry fodder (19.4 q ha^-1), crude protein (2.1 q ha^-1), ether extract (10.52 q ha^-1) and nitrogen free extract (10.31 q ha^-1) than varieties PL 426 and RD 2552. Row spacing of 15 cm produced significantly higher yields of dry fodder (18.4 q ha^-1), crude protein (1.9 q ha^-1), ether extract (0.51 q ha^-1), mineral matter (1.93 q ha^-1) and nitrogen free extract (9.46 q ha^-1) than the row spacing of 22.5 cm. The forage cut at 60 DAS produced significantly higher yields of dry fodder (24.2 q ha^-1), crude protein (2.1 q ha^-1), crude fibre (6.4 q ha^-1), ether extract (0.62 q ha^-1), mineral matter (2.31 q ha^-1)and nitrogen free extract (0.62 q ha^-1) than forage cut at 45 DAS. However, significantly higher crude protein content (13.3 %) and dry matter digestibility (76.06 %) was obtained in forage cut at 45 DAS.

Key words: Variation, time of cutting, row spacing, dry fodder, crude protein, dry matter digestibility and barley

39(1) 42-44

COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF PEARL MILLET GENOTYPES IN TERMS OF YIELD AND QUALITY UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT

ARVIND KUMAR YADAV* AND ANIL KUMAR

Department of Agronomy

CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004

*(E-mail: yadav.arvind580@gmail.com)

SUMMARY

The present investigation was carried out at Research Farm of Crop Physiology, Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India for two consecutive years from 2011 to 2012. The treatments comprised pearl millet genotypes HHB 67 (Improved), HHB 197, HHB 223 and HHB 234 and two environment viz. rainfed and irrigated. The experiment was laid down in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The results indicated that effective tillers (2.4), earhead length (22.8 cm), grain (31.18 q ha^-1) and stover yield (84.68 q ha^-1) significantly higher under irrigated condition than  rain fed environment.  Interaction effect of environment and genotypes showed higher number of effective tillers, earhead length, grain and stover yield in the genotype HHB 223 under irrigated condition compared to other genotypes. Under rainfed condition these were higher in the genotype HHB 234. Zinc and iron content in grain significantly higher under rainfed condition (58.03 ppm) than irrigated environment (53.31 ppm). Genotype HHB 67 ‘Improved’ recorded significantly higher Zinc (63.82 ppm) and iron content (45.84 ppm) in grain compared to all other genotypes.

Key words: Pearl millet, genotypes, rainfed and irrigated

39(1) 31-35

RESPONSE OF FODDER SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH) TO ZINC AND IRON

D.S. RANA, BHAGAT SINGH, K. GUPTA, A. K. DHAKA* AND SATYAWAN ARYA

Forage Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding

* Department of Agronomy

CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

(Email: bsdahiya@gmail.com)

(Received: 1 October 2013; Accepted: 25 October 2013)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2009 and 2010 at main Forage Research Area, CCS HAU, Hisar. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and eight treatments (Table 1). The foliar application of 0.5% ZnSO₄ at 35 and 45 DAS recorded maximum green fodder yield of 593.3 q/ha  and 488.3 q/ha as well as dry matter yield of 171.6 and 141.6 q/ha during 2009 and 2010, respectively. The foliar application of ZnSO₄ and FeSO₄ with RDF does not improve the quality of fodder.

Key words: zinc and iron, foliar application, fodder yield, fodder sorghum

39(1) 45-47

SOME BALANCED BIPARTITE ROW- COLUMN-DESIGNS

SATYENDER SINGH AND B.D. MEHTA

Department of Math. & Statistics,

CCS Haryana Agricultural University,

 Hisar-125004 (India)

(Email: satyender@rediffmail.com)

(Received: 24 August 2013; Accepted: 26 September 2013)

SUMMARY

A series of balanced bipartite row-column designs (BBPRC- designs) in to sets of treatments with v₁ = 4t+3 (test treatments) v₂ = 2t+2 (Control treatments) with varying replication has been obtained by supplementing a set of v₂ = 2t+2 treatments in blank positions of non orthogonal RC design of Agrawal (1966). Such designs find applications in agricultural and industrial experimentation where the investigator wishes to provide unequal replications to two set of treatments or wishes to estimate the two sets with different precaution and at the same time wants to estimate heterogeneity due to two sources. The variances for different types of comparison has also been worked out.

Key Words: BBPRC design. General efficiency balanced designs, non-orthogonal row-column designs.

39(1) 48-51