Volume Archives: Vol. 45 No 1 (June 2019)

BREEDING FORAGE CROPS FOR IMPROVED ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE-A REVIEW

BREEDING FORAGE CROPS FOR IMPROVED ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE-A REVIEW
J. S. VERMA*
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263 145, India
*(e-mail : jsverma21@yahoo.in)
(Received: 25 February 2019; Accepted: 3 May 2019)

SUMMARY

Forage crop production is largely limited by abiotic stress such as drought, salinity, temperature and other edaphic stresses because most forages are grown in marginal agricultural lands that have even poorer soil and land management system featured with low water holding capacity, infrequent irrigation, limited fertility or high salt content. Conventional and genetic engineering approaches have been used to improve stress tolerance of forage grasses and legumes. Modern conventional plant breeding is undergoing revolutionary changes that embrace new marker technologies and more profound understanding of the mechanisms that constitute complex traits. Traditionally, major gene and polygenic variation has been analyzed in different ways, but the use of new DNA markers and techniques of QTL analysis now allow to more integrated approaches in dissecting complex traits and assessing gene effects. Useful information on the genetic basis of abiotic stress tolerance has been obtained by moving genes between plants of the same or closely related species. Gene introgression achieved by conventional cross pollination means that created a range of genetic variation available to understand and manipulate genetic adaptation to environmental change is greatly enhanced. Drought and cold tolerance has been improved within the Lolium / Festuca species complex. A link was found between drought tolerance and enhanced deeper root growth under water limiting conditions in tall fescue and alfalfa. The differences in the level of freezing tolerance between non-hardy and hardy alfalfa cultivars was found to be related to the capacity of the plants to accumulate raffinose and stachyose in their roots and crowns other than the capacity to accumulate sucrose earlier than non-dormant plants. Proline content in alfalfa leaves and roots increased dramatically when plants were subjected to drought and two genes controlling the transcriptional regulation of key proline cycle enzymes in alfalfa have been identified and cloned. Wide hybridization with relative species followed by chromosome and / or chromosome fragment introgression has been considered an efficient way to transfer drought, salt and other stress tolerance gene(s) to the target species to widen the gene pool. Intergeneric hybrids between Lolium (Ryegrass) and Festuca (Fescue) species have received much attention by forage breeders. Enhanced drought tolerance in cowpea is accompanied with (i) better water- use efficiency and tolerance to water –deficiency and extreme heat conditions, (ii) better recovery of plants after drought is removed i.e., on re-watering. Both types of drought tolerance are dominant traits controlled by a single dominant gene Rds1 and Rds2 respectively. In white clover drought tolerance improvement programme, introgression has also been used as a route to transfer the morphological or physiological traits from its related wild species that show more drought tolerance or have better persistence. Endophyte-infected grasses are better adapted than non-infected grasses to abiotic stresses i.e., drought and marginal soil conditions due to direct changes affecting water status in shoots and indirect changes in root morphology and function.

Key words: Abiotic stress, tolerance, forage crops, breeding, intergeneric hybridization, endophyte

1-9

NUTRITIOUS FEED FOR FARM ANIMALS DURING LEAN PERIOD: SILAGE AND HAY-A REVIEW

NUTRITIOUS FEED FOR FARM ANIMALS DURING LEAN PERIOD: SILAGE AND HAY-A REVIEW
BALWINDER KUMAR, NAVJOT SINGH BRAR, H. K. VERMA, ANIL KUMAR AND RAJBIR SINGH
KrishiVigyan Kendra, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Tarn Taran -143 412, Punjab, India
Directorate of Extension Education, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, India
ICAR-ATARI, Zone 1, PAU Campus, Ludhiana -141 004, Punjab, India
*(email : dr.balwinderkumar@rediffmail.com)
(Received : 18 April 2019; Accepted : 16 June 2019)

SUMMARY

Green forages are considered to be the backbone of dairy sector as they play a vital role in transforming dairy farming into a profitable business. So, there is urgent need for preservation of nutrients from green forages including fodder tree leaves available during the flush period for feeding livestock during lean period so that high yielding animals can be sustained for profitable dairy farming. Silage is as nutritious as green fodders as it preserves the nutrients in the original form and hence it is as good for animal feeding as green fodder itself. From a practical view, the three most important things that must occur in order to make good silage are 1) the rapid removal of air, 2) the rapid production of lactic acid that results in a rapid drop in pH, and 3) continued exclusion of air from the silage mass during storage and feed out. In certain forage crops such as maize has relatively low buffering capacity and high concentrations of fermentable carbohydrates; therefore, pH decline is rapid and final pH is usually low, approximately 3.5, thus are more suitable for silage making. In general, the pH of silage at the final stage should be within the range of 3.5-4.3. Berseem and alfalfa has a high buffering capacity in comparison to maize leading to difficulty in lowering pH and making silage from berseem. Proper dry matter in forage should be there so that it can be packed well and more lactic acid is produced. Longer filling time of chaffed fodder in silo might have not maintained anaerobic conditions properly leading to increased aflatoxins in silage. The container in which silage is made is of greatest importance and will determine to the large extent the nature and quality of final product. The most common silo is the trench silo. One cubic meter space can store 5-6 quintals of green chopped fodder. Various types of additives can be used to improve or inhibit the fermentation or supplement nutrients needed by ruminants to be fed as silage. Silage quality is determined by mainly the odour, physical state, pH, ammonia nitrogen, volatile acids and lactic acid. It should be of pleasant smell and semi dry in nature. It should be of green colour. Another way of preserving nutrients is practiced in the form of hay. The principle of hay making is to preserve nutritional value of forages through drying it to a level at which the activity of microbial decomposers is inhibited. Forages can he harvested at the stage of proper nutritive value and be preserved as hay for feeding it during lean period. A moisture content of 10- 12% is optimum level for halting the microbial activity. It assures the supply of high digestible feed with high protein and caloric values all the year round. Hay making is profitable when the production of fodder is in excess of consumption. Food quality of dried forage (hay) is as nutritious as the green forage (if available) during the period of June-December when high protein forage is scarce. It fetches higher price and helps to increase milk production.

Key words: Silage, Hay, Lean, Silo pit, Dry matter, Protein

10-22

UTILIZATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR FOOD, FEED AND FODDER FOR ANIMALS-A REVIEW

UTILIZATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS FOR FOOD, FEED AND FODDER FOR ANIMALS-A REVIEW
KIRTI* AND R. K. ARYA
Department of Zoology, Indra Gandhi University Meerpur, Rewari
MAP Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : sumanbhudalia09@gmail.com)
(Received : 15 May 2019; Accepted : 27 June 2019)

SUMMARY

There is urgent need to increasing the food, feed and fodder production in India to satisfy the hunger of domestic animals. Moreover, the problems related to nutrient deficiency and health is
increasing day by day. In addition to this, excessive exploitation of some important medicinal plants from their natural habitat have been reduced their status up to the endangered plants. Therefore, the cultivation of medicinal plants for food, feed and fodder is an urgent need in different agro-climatic regions of India as per their suitability to climatic conditions. Therefore, it becomes more import to discuss the various medicinal crop related for crop diversification as well as to improve the health of livestock as well as to increase the availability of quality animal products. Diversification through medicinal improves the cropping systems, utilization of waste/marginal lands, organic farming, quality of end products, soil health, ecological environmental and economics of cultivation system. The southern Haryana is suitable for cultivation of Asalio/chandersur, kasni, satawari, bakla, Aloe vera, alsi/linseed, methi, neem, bakain, artemesia etc. These crop were found suitable for utilization as food, feed, fodder for domestic animals. The feeding of domestic animal on such crop in addition to other
fodder crops improves the performance as well as health status of animals. In addition to this, feeding the animals on such plants also improves the quality of animal product.

Key words: Utilization, medicinal plants, health, food, feed, fodder, quality

23-27

GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDIES IN SWEET SORGHUM [SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH], A CANDIDATE CROP FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDIES IN SWEET SORGHUM [SORGHUM BICOLOR (L.) MOENCH], A CANDIDATE CROP FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION
A. V. UMAKANTH, B. SAI KRISHNA NIKHIL* AND V. A. TONAPI
ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research (IIMR),
Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030 (India)
*(e-mail : b.saikrishnanikhil@gmail.com)
(Received : 18 May 2019 ; Accepted : 27 June 2019)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted at IIMR during rabi 2016-17 to study the nature and magnitude of genetic diversity and identify promising parents in sweet sorghum for biofuel related traits like brix (%), green cane yield and related characters in 68 sweet sorghum genotypes. Depending on the D2 values, these were grouped into 9 clusters. Cluster II was the largest consisting of 17 genotypes and cluster IX was the least with one genotype. Among the 13 characters studied, days to 50% flowering contributed the most followed by 100 seed weight towards the divergence of genotypes. The highest intra cluster distance was observed for cluster VIII while the maximum inter cluster distance was observed between clusters IV and IX. Based on the D2 values, the genotypes from diverse clusters would be derived and used in the hybridization program to generate wide range of transgressive segregants for genetic enhancement of sweet sorghum for biofuel related traits.

Key words: sweet sorghum, genetic diversity, brix, green cane yield

28-32

EFFECT OF PLANTING SEASONS ON SEED YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING CHARACTERS IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L) HYBRIDS

EFFECT OF PLANTING SEASONS ON SEED YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTING CHARACTERS IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L) HYBRIDS
NIDHI*, AXAY BHUKER, V. S. MOR AND DIGAMBER
Department of Seed Science & Technology
CCS Haryana Agricultural University,
Hisar-125004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : nidhibabbar11@gmail.com)
(Received: 5 June 2019; Accepted: 26 June 2019)

SUMMARY

Four maize hybrids were subjected to various viability and vigour tests to evaluate the effect of planting season on seed yield and yield attributing characteristics during 2016-17. The results
revealed that the crop grown during rabi season showed its superiority in yield and yield components over kharif season by registering maximum field emergence index (31.97), seedling establishment (78.82%), days to 50% tasseling (122), days to 50 % silking (127), number of leaves per plant (12.98), number of cobs per plant (1.42), plant height at maturity (1.80m), cob length (33.08cm), number of seeds per cob (424.08) and seed yield (99.36g/cob). Among the hybrids, maximum yield and yield attributing characters was recorded in HPQM 5 in both the seasons with maximum field emergence index (29.85), seedling establishment (75.07%), days to 50% tasseling (91.00), days to 50 % silking (94.50), number of leaves per plant (13.47), number of cobs per plant (1.52), plant height at maturity
(1.81m), cob length (31.75cm), number of seeds per cob (444.38) and seed yield (112.61g/cob) whereas minimum was observed in HM 9 in both the season with field emergence index (24.10), seedling establishment (64.03%), days to 50% tasseling (87.17), days to 50 % silking (90.67), number of leaves per plant (12.08), number of cobs per plant (1.04), plant height at maturity (1.56m), cob length (25.64cm), number of seeds per cob (395.50) and seed yield (76.43g/cob). Therefore it can be concluded from the study that more yield can be achieved during rabi season as compared to kharif season, thus rabi season can be considered as a better option for production of quality seed in Hisar region.

Key words: Maize, seed quality, season, yield

33-37

EVALUATION OF SORGHUM GENOTYPES FOR MULTIPLE RESISTANCE AGAINST SHOOT FLY [ATHERIGONA SOCCATA RONDANI] AND SPOTTED STEM BORER [CHILO PARTELLUS (SWINHOE)]

EVALUATION OF SORGHUM GENOTYPES FOR MULTIPLE RESISTANCE AGAINST SHOOT FLY [ATHERIGONA SOCCATA RONDANI] AND SPOTTED STEM BORER [CHILO PARTELLUS (SWINHOE)]
HARISH KUMAR, ANIL*, P. KUMARI, S. ARYA AND G. SHYAM PRASAD
Department of Entomology, Cotton Section, 3Forage Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana
Agricultural University, Hisar- 125 004, Haryana
ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad- 500 030, Telangana
*(e-mail : aniljakhad@gmail.com)
(Received : 17 April 2019; Accepted : 11 May 2019)

SUMMARY

Six field trials were conducted to evaluate seventy five sorghum genotypes for multiple resistance against shoot fly and spotted stem borer along with commercial checks, resistant checks, susceptible checks, local check and improved lines for resistance at Hisar during Kharif 2017. Per cent dead hearts caused by shoot fly and stem borer were recorded at 28 and 45 days after emergence, respectively under natural field conditions. Fourteen genotypes namely, SPH 1838, SPV 2444, SPV 2388, SPV 2387, SPV 2522, SPV 2521, SPH 1895, SPV 2530, SPV 2533, SPV 2532, SPV 2383 and SPV 2385 including two commercial checks (SSG 59-3 and CSV 30F) were found to be resistant against shoot fly and stem borer as these genotypes showed less than 45 and 15 per cent dead hearts caused by A. soccata and C. partellus, respectively.

Key words: Sorghum, screening, insect-pest resistance, dead heart

38-42

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF FORAGE PEARL MILLET (PENNISETUMGLAUCUM L.) GENOTYPES

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF FORAGE PEARL MILLET (PENNISETUMGLAUCUM L.) GENOTYPES
MANINDER KAUR* AND MEENAKSHI GOYAL
Forage and Millet Section,
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141003, Punjab, India
*(e-mail : maninder.sindhu@yahoo.com)
(Received : 26 March 2019 ; Accepted : 9 May 2019)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana during kharif season of 2018 to study the effect of different nitrogen levels on growth, yield and quality of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) genotypes. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with four pearl millet genotypes (TSFB-15-8, TSFB-15-4, Giant Bajra and AFB-3) and four nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha) with three replications. The results revealed that among the genotypes, AFB-3 (Zonal check) proved significantly superior over the remaining genotypes for green fodder (765.1 q/ha) as well as in dry matter (119.0 q/ha) yield. It also recorded tallest plants (281.8 cm) and maximum number of tillers per m2 (52.8). However, the genotype TSFB-15-8 recorded significantly lowest green fodder and dry matter yield but was found superior among the tested genotypes for quality aspect and had significantly highest crude protein content (8.3%). But, due to lowest dry matter yield, it fared poorly with regard to crude protein yield. The increasing levels of nitrogen from 0 to 90 kg/ha significantly increased the green fodder and dry matter yield over their lower levels. The application of 90 kg N/ha recorded an increase of 59.5, 22.4 and 7.4 per cent in green fodder and 23.4, 15.5 and 4.6 per cent in dry matter over 0, 30 and 60 kg N/ha, respectively.

Key words: Pearl millet, genotypes, fodder yield, nitrogen, crude protein

43-46

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION SCHEDULES ON GROWTH, YIELD, WUE AND ECONOMICS OF FODDER SUGAR BEET (BETA VULGARIS L.) VARIETIES UNDER COASTAL SALT AFFECTED SOILS

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION SCHEDULES ON GROWTH, YIELD, WUE AND ECONOMICS OF FODDER SUGAR BEET (BETA VULGARIS L.) VARIETIES UNDER COASTAL SALT AFFECTED SOILS
M. M. PATEL, H. K. JOSHI, V. A. PATEL AND V. P. USADADIA
Coastal Soil Salinity Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University,
Danti-Umbharat, Gujarat-396 450
*(e-mail : mmpatel_nau@rediffmail.com)
(Received : 20 April 2019; Accepted : 18 June 2019)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2013-14 to 2015-16 at Danti-Umbharat, Gujarat to study the effect of irrigation schedules on productivity, water use efficiency and economics of fodder sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) varieties. Total twelve treatment combinations comprising of three irrigation schedules i.e., 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 IW/CPE ratio and four varieties viz., JK kuber, JK calixta, PAC-60008 and JK magnolia were evaluated in factorial randomized block design with four replications. Irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio recorded significantly higher growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, number of leaves, root length and root weight as well as fresh root yield, fresh foliage yield and total fresh biomass yield. Significantly improved plant height, number of leaves, root length and fresh foliage yield was observed in JK magnolia, while root weight, fresh root yield and total fresh biomass yield were significantly higher in JK kuber. Maximum net realization was recorded with application of irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio (I3) followed by 0.8 IW/CPE ratio (I2). In case of varieties, JK kuber (V1) secured the maximum net realization. Increasing irrigation levels from 0.6 IW/CPE ratio (I1) to 1.0 IW/CPE ratio (I3), total fresh biomass yield of all the varieties was increased and water use efficiency was decreased.

Key words: Water use efficiency, sugar beet, irrigation schedules, varieties, net realization

47-50

EFFECT OF SEED TREATMENT BY FUNGICIDES TO CONTROL STRIPE DISEASE ON YIELD AND PRODUCTIVITY OF BARLEY

EFFECT OF SEED TREATMENT BY FUNGICIDES TO CONTROL STRIPE DISEASE ON YIELD AND PRODUCTIVITY OF BARLEY
Department of Plant Pathology,
CCS Haryana Agricultural University,
Hisar-125004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : satishkumar14101982@gmail.com)
(Received : 20 April 2019; Accepted : 18 June 2019)

SUMMARY

Stripe disease of barley caused by Drechslera graminea (Rabenh.) Shoemaker is a widely distributed disease in many barley grown parts of the world, but it has assumed more importance with the introduction of some new high yielding varieties. The present investigations were undertaken during 2007-08 and 2008-09 crop seasons with a view of elicit information on effect of disease on productivity of barley. Study revealed that a reduction was observed in all the growth and yield parameters of barley due to stripe disease. Seed treatment with Raxil 2DS at 0.2 per cent concentration significantly improves the productivity of barley crop over rest of the other treatment used except Vitavax 5WP at 0.2 per cent concentration to which it was at par.

Key words: Stripe disease, barley, productivity, straw, harvest index

51-54

TECHNOLOGY LED KNOWLEDGE INTERVENTION THROUGH DEVELOPMENT OF SMARTPHONE APP ON PACKAGE OF PRACTICES OF FODDER CROPS, RANGE GRASSES AND LEGUMES

TECHNOLOGY LED KNOWLEDGE INTERVENTION THROUGH DEVELOPMENT OF SMARTPHONE APP ON PACKAGE OF PRACTICES OF FODDER CROPS, RANGE GRASSES AND LEGUMES
VIKAS C TYAGI, MANEET RANA, NEERAJ KUMAR*, AMIT K SINGH, SHWETA SANKHWAR, HIRDAYESH ANURAGI, GUNJAN GULERIA, ANJALI SONI, ABHISHEK DEB, HANEET RANA, SHAHID AHMED, RAM VINOD KUMAR AND AJOY KUMAR ROY
ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi, India
Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
ICAR-Central Agroforestry Research Institute, Jhansi, India
Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University, Jhansi, India
ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi
Amity University, Noida, India
*(e-mail : neeraj0490@gmail.com)
(Received: 3 June 2019; Accepted: 27 June 2019)

SUMMARY

Technological advancements are being quickly adopted by agriculturists in the recent years. MAT (Mobile Applications Technology or m-learning) is no longer considered a techno-centric trend and is attractive for those interested in devices and technologies. The m-learning engages learners in learning activities without them being restricted to a physical location. Applications (apps) are the fundamental feature of android or mobile devices. This paper briefly reviews the development of multilingual android phone based application named “Fodder and Range grasses” enriched with importance and cultivation practices of 57 crops which includes fodder crops, range grasses and legumes. As this app is entirely free of charge, uses web interface and is compatible in all smartphones, will provide a unique opportunity for technology led quick knowledge intervention on cultivation and management of important fodder crops, range grasses and range legumes.

Key words: Fodder crops; mobile applications technology; range grasses; range legumes; smartphone

55-58

INVESTIGATION OF THE POTENTIALITY OF DUAL PURPOSE MAIZE

INVESTIGATION OF THE POTENTIALITY OF DUAL PURPOSE MAIZE
GAURI MOHAN*, KHOGEN KURMI, KUMUDESWAR THAKURIA, KAJODMAL GHASAL AND CHAYANIKA BORAH
Department of Agronomy,
Assam Agricultural University,
Jorhat (Assam), India
*(e-mail : gaurimohan123@gmail.com)
(Received: 19 May 2019; Accepted: 16 June 2019)

SUMMARY

The present study was under taken to find out the potentiality of maize for dual purpose to enhance the food–fodder production under different plant population. The experiment was laid out in
factorial RBD and replicated thrice. The treatment consisted of eight crop management practices viz., Grain crop at 60 cm x 30cm (T1), Fodder crop at 30 cm x15 cm (T2), Fodder cum grain crop at 30 cm x 30 cm with removal of alternate rows at knee-high stage for fodder (T3), Fodder cum grain crop at 30 cm x 30 cm with removal of alternate rows at tasseling stage for fodder (T4), Fodder cum grain crop at 30 cm x 30 cm with removal of alternate rows at milking stage for fodder (T5), Fodder cum grain crop at 30 cm x 15 cm with removal of alternate rows at knee-high stage for fodder (T6), Fodder cum grain crop (30 cm x 15 cm) removal of alternate row at tasseling stage for fodder (T7), Fodder cum grain crop at 30 cm x 15 cm with removal of alternate rows at milking stage for fodder (T8) and two levels of fertilizer viz., F1: 100% of RDF and F2: 150% of RDF. Experimental findings revealed that the crop
management practices differed significantly with respect to growth, yield and yield attributing characters both grain and fodder maize. The highest grain and stover yield being 34.21 q/ha and 105.52 q/ha, respectively was produced from T1 which was at par with crop management practice T6, T7 and T8. However, green fodder yield (164.04 q/ha) and dry matter yield (35.31 q/ha) was found to be highest in crop management practice T2. Among the fertilizer levels F2: 150% of RDF recorded the highest green fodder yield (79.68 q/ha), dry matter yield (16.19 q/ha), grain yield (31.98 q/ha) and stover yield (95.93 q/ha) of dual purpose maize.

Key words: Maize, knee- heigh stage, tasseling stage, milking stage

59-63

EVALUATION OF FORAGE SORGHUM GENOTYPES FOR PRODUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY AT DIFFERENT FERTILIZER LEVELS

EVALUATION OF FORAGE SORGHUM GENOTYPES FOR PRODUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY AT DIFFERENT FERTILIZER LEVELS
SATPAL, J. TOKAS, K. K. BHARDWAJ, S. DEVI, P. KUMARI, S. ARYA, NEELAM AND SURESH KUMAR
Forage Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Department of Soil Science, Department of Botany & Plant Physiology and Department of Agronomy
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : satpal.fpj@gmail.com)
(Received : 20 May 2019; Accepted : 5 June 2019)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted at Hisar (Haryana), India during the Kharif season of 2017 to study the effect of different fertilizer levels on production, productivity and quality of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes. Seven single-cut forage sorghum genotypes (SPH 1822, SPV 2316, SPV 2387, SPV 2388, CSH 13, CSV 21F and CSV 30F) were tested at three fertilizer levels (75, 100 and 125% recommended dose of fertilizer) in factorial RBD. Among genotypes, highest green fodder and dry matter yields were recorded in SPV 2387 (45.89 and 12.32 t/ha, respectively) which were on a par with SPV 2388, CSV 21F and CSV 30F. The highest crude protein yield (CPY) and digestible dry matter yield (DDMY) were also recorded in SPV 2387 being on a par with CSV 21F & CSV 30F for CPY and CSV 30F & SPV 2388 for DDMY. The crude protein content was not affected significantly among genotypes. The highest IVDMD content estimated in test hybrid SPH 1822 was on a par with SPV 2387, SPV 2388, CSH 13 and CSV 30F. Highest TSS (11.74%) estimated in CSV 30F which was on a par with SPV 2387. Among fertilizer levels, significantly highest green fodder, dry matter, CPY and DDMY (44.40, 11.79, 1.01 and 6.26 t/ha, respectively) were recorded with 125% RDF over the lower fertilizer levels. The magnitude of the increase in yield with 125% RDF was 20.0 and 8.1 per cent in GFY; 20.3 and 7.8 per cent in DMY; 36.5 and 13.5 per cent in CPY and 31.8 and 11.2 per cent in DDMY over 75% and 100% RDF, respectively. With increased fertilizer levels, the
HCN content at 30 days after sowing increased from 66 to 107 µg/g on fresh weight basis but it was less than the critical limit. Significantly highest crude protein content and IVDMD (8.55 and 53.03 %) were estimated with 125% RDF. In nutshell, genotype SPV 2387 and CSV 21F performed better and application of 125% RDF was the most suitable fertilization practice to achieve the maximum fodder yield with better quality.

Key words: Fertilizer levels, forage sorghum, HCN, crude protein, IVDMD and TSS

64-68

CONSTRAINTS IN PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF CLUSTER BEAN IN HISAR DISTRICT OF HARYANA

CONSTRAINTS IN PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF CLUSTER BEAN IN HISAR DISTRICT OF HARYANA
SUBODH AGARWAL*, SURESH KUMAR, S. K. GOYAL AND NAVEEN KUMAR
Department of Business Management and Department of Agronomy
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar
*(e-mail : subodh.agarwal47@gmail.com)
(Received: 20 May 2019; Accepted: 25 June 2019)

SUMMARY

Haryana, with a share of 18 to 30 per cent, is the second largest producer state of Guar (cluster bean) after Rajasthan. This study aims to assess the critical constraints in production and marketing of cluster bean in Hisar district. Hisar block was selected, having highest area under cluster bean, to collect the required information. From the study, it was found that the major constraints in production of cluster bean were variability in weather/ lack awareness of weather forecasting (90.91%) and labour scarcity during peak season of sowing (81.82%) along with crop protection, viz., problem of weeds (79.55%), insect-pests (45.45%) and diseases (22.73). Whereas, the important constraints in the marketing of cluster bean were lack of export facility (100%), high commission charges (100%), more number of intermediaries (100%), lack of processing facilities (95 %), problem of fluctuations in prices (89 %), lack of storage facility (86 %), lack of buyers in the market (77 %) and lack of regulated and cooperative marketing for cluster bean (95 %). Minimum Support Price (MSP) and lack of farmer-industry linkage were the major constraints reported by all the sample farmers.

Key words: Cluster bean, constraints, production, marketing

69-72

INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF DRY ROOT ROT DISEASE IN CLUSTER BEAN (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA (L.)TAUB.

INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF DRY ROOT ROT DISEASE IN CLUSTER BEAN (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA (L.)TAUB.
AMAN DHAWAN, SATISH KUMAR* AND RAKESH KUMAR CHUGH
Department of Plant Pathology,
CCS Haryana Agricultural University,
Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : skmehta2006@gmail.com)
(Received : 28 May 2019; Accepted : 20 June 2019)

SUMMARY

An experiment was conducted to know the effect of seed treatment with Bavistin (0.2%), soil application of mustard cake (2g/kg soil), biocontrol agents viz. VAM (600 sporocarps/kg soil) and T. viride (10 g/kg soil) in different combinations on two most popular cultivars of cluster bean viz. HG-
365 and HG 2-20 to minimize the plant mortality effectively under screen house conditions. A minimum disease incidence of 16.8 and 10.2 per cent in cvs. HG-365 and HG 2-20 was achieved,
respectively when bavistin treated cluster bean seeds were sown in T. viride and mustard cake impregnated soil. The disease incidence was 20 per cent in both the cluster bean cultivars when bavistin treated seeds were sown in VAM and mustard cake incorporated soils. In other words, seeds treated with bavistin and sown in T. viride and mustard cake incorporated soil gave a maximum of disease control of 74.8, 80.8 per cent as compared to control in cluster bean cvs. HG-365 and HG 2-20, respectively. Seeds treated with bavistin and sown in mustard cake impregnated soil provided 64.9, 49.9 per cent disease control whereas seeds treated with bavistin alone provided 50.0 and 37.5 per cent disease control in cvs. HG-365 and HG 2-20, respectively. Seeds treated with bavistin and sown in T. viride inoculated soils provided 55.02, 56.2 per cent whereas seeds treated with bavistin and sown in VAM inoculated soils provided 59.97, 43.9 per cent disease control in clusterbeancvs. HG-365 and HG 2-20, respectively.

Key words: Cluster bean, Rhizoctonia bataticola, organic amendments, bavistin, damping off

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CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS IN CLUSTER BEAN [CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA (L) TAUB.].

CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSIS IN CLUSTER BEAN [CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA (L) TAUB.].
NEERAJ KUMAR, R. S. KHATRI, SATYAWAN ARYA, RAVISH PANCHTA AND SATPAL
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding,
College of Agriculture,
CCS Haryana Agricultural University,
Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : neerajkummar8@gmail.com)
(Received : 25 April 2019; Accepted : 20 June 2019)

SUMMARY

The experiment was conducted on cluster bean to identify the correlation among characters and direct and indirect effects of characters on seed yield per plant. Fifty accessions were evaluated during Kharif 2014 and observations were recorded on seed yield-related characters. In this study seed yield per plant is significantly and positively correlated with the traits like number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length and plant height. Protein content has a negative and significant correlation with the seed yield per plant. The number of pods per plant has a maximum direct effect on seed yield per plant followed by the number of seeds per pods and 100 seed weight.

Key words: Cluster bean, correlation and path coefficient

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