GENOTYPE X ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION AND STABILITY FOR GRAIN YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTES IN PEARLMILLET

ABHAY BIKASH, I. S. YADAV, R. K. ARYA AND R.A.S. LAMBA¹

Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCSHAU, Hisar-125004

¹Regional Research Station, Bawal (Rewari)

(Email:iswaryadav@gmail.com)

(Received: 13 December 2013; Accepted: 27 December 2013)

SUMMARY

An experiment was conducted to study the stability of thirty hybrids of prearlmillet during kharif season at four locations. Analysis of variance  for stability revealed that mean squares due to genotypes and environments + G x E interaction were highly significant, indicating thereby existed significant differences among genotypes and also the environments were different from each other and genotypes reacted differently in different environments. For quantitative traits such as yield, the relative performance of different genotypes often varies from one environment to another i.e. G x E interaction plays an important role. Progress of selection is also reduced due to effect of a large G x E interaction. The hybrids studied in the present investigation, in general, did not exhibit uniform pattern of environmental response (linear). This attribute appears to be specific for individuals. It can, therefore, be suggested that while making selection, attention should be paid to the phenotypic stability of the characters and genotypes having average response for different characters could be used in identifying stable hybrids. The results also revealed that the hybrid 97111A x CSSC46-2 was the most ideal. Beside high grain yield, it exhibited stable performance across the environments for harvest index, plant height and ear length. This indicated that the stability of various component characters might be responsible for observed stability of genotype for grain yield.

Key words: Hybrids, genotype x environment interaction, stability, grain yield and pearlmillet

39(2) 53-58

CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ONE AND TWO-HARVEST
OF OATS

R. N. ARORA^*

Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding

CCS Haryana Agricultural University,

Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India

*(e-mail : arora15@rediffmail.com)

(Received : 14 December 2013; Accepted : 27 December 2013)

SUMMARY

One hundred and eight germplasm accessions of oats randomly sampled from the five hundred germplasm accessions being conserved at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. These were characterized and evaluated under one harvest and two harvest systems separately, for various morphological traits against two checks, namely, OS 6 and HJ 8 during rabi 2005-06. Wide range of genetic variability was recorded for green fodder yield/m row (650-1850 g) and for dry matter yield/m row (60-180 g), respectively, in one harvest. Six germplasm accessions, namely, HFO 314 (1850 and 180 g), HFO 239 (1800 and 160 g), HFO 46 (1800 and 150 g), HFO 273 (1700 and 150 g), HFO 291 (1600 and 160 g) and HFO 684 (1600 and 150 g) were found significantly higher in green fodder yield and dry matter yield as compared to the best check HJ 8 (1577 and 142 g), respectively, whereas under two harvest system, wide range in variability (70-275 g, 600-1800 g, 720-1960 g) was observed for GFY at 1st harvest, 2nd harvest and total of two harvests, respectively. Likewise, for DMY, wide range in variability was observed (30-85 g, 50-170 g, 85-220 g) in 1st cut, 2nd cut and total of two cuts, respectively. On the basis of total of the 1st and 2nd harvest, only three germplasm accessions, namely, HFO 338 (1960 g), HFO 635 (1865 g), and HFO 45 (1800 g) were found significantly better in GFY than the best check HJ 8 (1763 g), while only one accession, namely, HFO 338 (220 g) was found significantly better in DMY than the best check HJ 8 (196 g). It was interesting to note that all the three
germplasm lines, namely, HFO 338 (117 days), HFO 635 (115 days) and HFO 45 (111days) which gave significantly higher GFY on total basis were also significantly early in 50 per cent flowering than the best high fodder yielding cultivar HJ 8 (119 days). The characterization of germplasm revealed that seven accessions had erect growth habit, 67 were semi-erect type and 36 were semi-prostrate type. Based on foliage colour, the germplasm was categorized into three classes, namely, light green (23 accessions), green (82 accessions) and dark green (5 accessions). Likewise, according to plant stature, the germplasm could be categorized into three classes, namely, dwarf (6 accessions), semi-dwarf (72 accessions) and tall type (32 accessions). According to market value of the oat crop, the germplasm was categorized into three classes i.e. grain type (48 accessions), dual type (38 accessions) and fodder type (24 accessions). On the basis of panicle shape, all the 110 accessions were categorized into two classes having equilateral panicle shape (61accessions), and non-equilateral or flag type panicle shape (49 accessions). Presence of awn was recorded in 70 accessions, while in 40 accessions it was absent.

Key words: Oat, germplasm, characterization and evaluation

39(2) 59-63

PERFORMANCE OF BAJRA NAPIER HYBRID VARIETIES IN SOUTHERN DRY ZONE OF KARNATAKA FOR THE KHARIF SEASON OF DIFFERENT YEARS

V. S. SHASHIKANTH, K. S. SOMASHEKHAR, B. G. SHEKARA AND M. R. KRISHNAPPA

AICRP on Forage crops,

 Zonal Agricultural Research Station,

V.C.Farm, Mandya-571405 (Karnataka), India

(Email: kanthvs77@gmail.com)

(Received: 14 December 2013; Accepted: 27 December 2013)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Visweswaraiah Canal Farm, Mandya (Karnataka) during Kharif season of 2009, 2010 and 2011 to study the Performance of Bajra Napier Hybrid Varieties in southern dry zone of Karnataka. The experiment consisted of 10 varieties viz., BNH-10, NHN-9, TNCN-07-3, BNH-3, TNCN-07-4, DHN-09, DHN-12, TNCN-07-1, TNCN-07-2, PNB-233were compared with local check CO-3. The soil of experimental site is red sandy loam with neutral soil pH (6.95), medium in available nitrogen (262.5 kg ha^-1), phosphorous (28.61 kg ha^-1) and potassium (153.65 kg ha^-1). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The pooled data revealed that variety BNH-10 recorded significantly higher Green forage yield (1431.4 q ha^-1), Dry matter yield (269.02 q ha^-1), Crude protein yield (18.41 q ha^-1) and growth parameters like plant height (111.64 cm), Leaf stem ratio (0.76).

Key words: Napier Grass, bajra napier hybrid varieties, green forage yield, crude protein.

39(2) 64-66

GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)

Y. KUMAR, R.A.S. LAMBA, S.R. VERMA¹ AND RAM NIWAS²

CCS Haryana Agricultural University,

 Regional Research Station, Bawal (Haryana), India

¹Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar

²Computer Centre (COBS), CCS HAU, Hisar

Email: yogenderkgulia@gmail.com

SUMMARY

A total of 21 barley genotypes comprised of two and six row type were grown in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications during rabi 2012-13 at CCS HAU, Regional Research Station, Bawal (Rewari). The objectives of the investigation were to study genetic variability, correlation and path analysis for 10 characters viz., plant height (cm), ear length (cm), number of tillers per meter row, number of grains per spike, days to heading, days to maturity, 1000-grain weight (g), biological yield (kg/plot), harvest index (%) and grain yield (kg/plot). Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the characters studied. The characters namely, number of grains per spike, number of tillers per meter row, ear length and harvest index showed high range, PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were highest in number of grains per spike followed by number of tillers per meter row. Estimates of heritability ranged from 54 per cent for biological yield to 98 per cent for number of grains per spike, while grain yield showed 57 per cent heritability. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for number of grains per spike, number of tillers per meter row, ear length, harvest index and 1000-grain weight indicating the importance of these traits in selection and crop improvement. The genotypic correlation estimates showed significant positive association of grain yield with harvest index, 1000-grain weight, days for heading and days to maturity. Harvest index and biological yield exhibited the highest positive and significant direct effect on grain yield. Hence, these traits could be considered as suitable selection criteria for the development of high yielding barley varieties.

Key words: Genetic variability, correlation coefficient, path analysis, yield components, barley

39(2) 67-70

EFFECT OF DATE OF SOWING AND CUTTING INTERVALS ON GROWTH ATTRIBUTE AND YIELD OF LUCERNE [MEDICAGO SATIVA L.] UNDER NORTH GUJARAT AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

AMIT KUMAR AND A. G. PATEL

Centre for Agroforestry, Forage Crops and Green Belt,

Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar-385 506

(Email: bishnoiamit766@gmail.com)

(Received: 2 October 2013; Accepted: 26 October 2013)

SUMMARY

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during rabi season of 2011-12 to find out the optimum date of sowing and cutting interval for lucerne crop under north Gujarat agro-climatic conditions. The results of growth parameters indicated that significantly higher plant height was recorded by 10^th November sowing and 30 days cutting interval after common cut in the mean values of all cuts. Similarly, the mean number of leaves per plant and mean leaf area per plant was significantly higher by sowing the crop on 10^th November and 30 days cutting interval after common cut and it was followed by 20^th November sowing and 30 days cutting interval. Whereas, significantly higher mean leaf: stem ratio was noted by 11^th October sowing and 15 days cutting interval in the mean values of all cuts.

Key words: Growth attribute, leaf area, plant height, number of leaf, green forage yield, Lucerne

39(2) 71-82

GENETIC VARIBILITY AND CORRELATION COEFFICIENT IN PEARL MILLET [PENNISETUM GLAUCUM (L.) R. BR. EMEND STUNTZ]

MAMTA CHOUDHARY¹, D.K.GARG², R.S.SAINI^3, B.L.JAT⁴

Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics,

College of Agriculture, Bikaner (Rajasthan), India

(Email: mamta.choudhary1990@gmail.com)

(Received: 17 December 2013; Accepted: 27 December 2013)

SUMMARY

The present investigation was carried out to estimate genetic variability, correlation, among 30 genotypes of pearlmillet for 11 characters. These hybrids were evaluated in RBD during kharif 2012 at ARS, Bikaner. Analysis of variance indicated presence of considerable variability for all the 11 characters.  Number of effective tillers/plant and biological yield/plant had high estimate of GCV and PCV. It also had high heritability associated with high genetic advance as per cent of mean. Thus, these should be given due emphasis while making a direct selection through these traits. Harvest index and seed yield/plant had moderate estimates of GCV, PCV, heritability and genetic advance. Therefore, selection for these characters would also be effective.The result from character association indicated that grain yield per plant had significantly and positive correlation with ear head length (cm), number of effective tillers/plant and biological yield/plant (g) at phenotypic level.

Key words : Genetic variability, estimate of GCV and PCV, character association  and  pearl millet.

39(2) 83-87

DRY MATTER AND STRAW YIELD IN WHEAT AS INFLUENCED BY PRECEDING CROPS, PLANTING METHODS AND IRRIGATION LEVELS

SURESH KUMAR, A.S. DHINDWAL AND R.K. ARYA

RDS Seed Farm,

CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar

 (Email:sureshsilla@gmail.com)

(Received: 13 December 2013; Accepted: 27 December 2013)

 SUMMARY

Dry matter and straw yield wheat succeeding mungbean and sorghum was evaluated under two planting methods and three irrigation levels during 2003-2004 and 2004-05 at research farm of CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (India). The treatments consisted of two preceding crops viz., sorghum as green fodder and moong as grain and two planting methods viz., conventional and zero-tillage in main plots and three irrigation levels viz., irrigation at CRI + IW/CPE of 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 in sub plots, replicated thrice. Total dry weight recorded at spike initiation, anthesis, milk and physiological maturity stages of wheat crop during both the crop seasons was substantially higher after moong than the sorghum. Wheat planted by zero tillage accumulated significantly higher total dry weight at all the growth stages during both the crop seasons compared to conventional tillage. The dry matter accumulation increased significantly with the increase in level of irrigation from irrigation at CRI + IW/CPE=0.5 to 0.9 during the first crop season, however, at spike initiation stage the dry matter accumulation was at par among the irrigation levels. Straw yield of wheat succeeding moong was significantly higher during the two crop seasons (7288 and 6856 kg/ha) as compared to that succeeding sorghum (6342 and 6561 kg/ha). Zero tillage in wheat produced significantly higher pooled straw yield (6969 kg/ha) as compared to conventional tillage (6555 kg/ha). Higher level of irrigation at CRI + IW/CPE=0.9 produced higher straw yield of wheat during both the crop seasons than lower levels of CRI + IW/CPE=0.5 and 0.7. Nitrogen content in wheat straw was higher succeeding moong than sorghum in both the crop seasons. Planting methods did not influence the N content in wheat straw during the first crop season, but in second crop season its content in wheat straw was higher under conventional tillage than zero tillage.  Nitrogen content in straw was higher with lower level of irrigation at CRI + IW/CPE=0.5 than at higher levels of CRI + IW/CPE=0.7 and 0.9.

Key words: Wheat, zero-tillage, preceding crops, irrigation levels, dry matter accumulation, straw yield

39(2) 88-92

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS ON NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND NITRATE NITROGEN ACCUMULATION IN FORAGE PEARL MILLET GENOTYPES GROWN UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS

S. V. DAMAME, R. N. BHINGARDE AND S. H. PATHAN¹

AICRP on Forage Crops,

Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth,

Rahuri -413 722 (MS), India

*(e-mail: shivajidamame@gmail.com)

(Received: 6 January 2014; Accepted: 26 January 2014)

 SUMMARY

The application of nitrogen levels on pearl millet genotype produced significantly higher green forage yield of 447.82 q ha-1 and crude protein yield of 6.60 q ha-1 in BAIF Bajra. Whereas, the genotype Gaint bajra recorded the highest dry matter yield of 75.88 q ha-1 and Raj bajra chari-2 with the highest crude protein content of 9.33 per cent. The application of 100kg N ha-1 noticed significantly higher green forage yield of 400.32 q ha-1, dry matter yield 75.34 q ha-1 and crude protein yield of 6.98 q ha-1. The application of 100 kg N ha-1 recorded significantly higher and toxic level of nitrate-N in case of BAIF bajra, JHPM-05-1 and NDFB-02 than all other genotypes. The genotype Giant bajra recorded non-toxic level of nitrate-N on application of 100 kg N ha-1 with the highest dry matter yield and green forage yield of 447.72 q ha-1 which is at par with BAIF bajra.

Key words: Forage pearl millet, nitrogen levels, nitrate nitrogen, yield, quality.

39(2) 93-95

PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE CUT FORAGE SORGHUM GENOTYPES TO DIFFERENT FERTILITY LEVELS

D.S. RANA, BHAGAT SINGH, K. GUPTA AND A. K. DHAKA*¹

Forage Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding,

CCS HAU, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India

*(Email: bsdahiya@gmail.com)

(Received: 1 October 2013; Accepted: 25 October 2013)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted at main Forage Research Area, CCS HAU, Hisar with five single cut sorghum genotypes (SPV 1846, SPV 1847, PC 1003, CSV 21F and HC 308) were grown with four fertility levels viz. control, 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 100% RDF (80 kg N+30 kg P2O5/ha) and 150% RDF. The plant height, number of tillers per meter row length, green fodder and dry matter yield of sorghum genotypes were significantly influenced by different fertility level. The highest green fodder yield (523.6 q/ha) and dry matter yield (140.4 q/ha) were recorded in genotype CSV 21F followed by genotype PC 1003. The maximum plant height, number of tillers, green fodder and dry matter yield were recorded at 150 percent of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), which was significantly higher than lower doses of fertilizer. An increase of 55.35, 22.36 and 11.82 percent in green fodder yield and 90.42, 36.04 and 17.78 percent in dry matter yield was recorded with the application of 150% RDF over control, 50% RDF and 100% RDF, respectively. The highest crude protein yield and digestible dry matter (DDM) were also recorded with 150% RDF which was significantly higher than lower fertility levels.

Key words: single cut forage sorghum,fodder, yield, crude protein, digestible dry matter

39(2) 96-98

INTERCROPPING OF OILSEED CROPS WITH OAT FODDER IN RICE FALLOWS UNDER RAINLFED CONDITION

P. AMONGE, K. THAKURIA AND J. K. SAIKIA¹

Department of Agronomy,

Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13

(Received: 15 November 2013; Accepted: 27 November 2013)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was carried out in rice fallows at Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during rabi season of 2011-12 under rainfed condition. The treatment consisted of sole crop of oat, linseed and toria along with inter-cropping with linseed and toria in 1:1, 2:1, 2:2 and 3:1 row proportions. Altogether eleven treatments were arranged in randomized block design with three replications. Inter-cropping treatments proved superior in terms of different growth characters and yield of oat. The highest dry matter and oat green fodder equivalent yields were recorded in oat + linseed inter-cropping system though the effects were non-significant. Among different row proportions, the highest green fodder equivalent yield was accorded in 2:1 row ratio. The dry matter and crude protein contents as well as net return and benefit-cost ratio were recorded highest in oat+linseed inter-cropping.

Key words: Intercropping, oat, linseed, toria, rainfed.

39(2) 99-101

OPTIMISING SOWING TIME OF MULTI-CUT SORGHUM FOR MAXIMISING FODDER YIELD

SURESH KUMAR, R. K. ARYA AND K. K. DAHIYA¹

Ram Dhan Singh Seed Farm,

CCS HAU, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India

*(E-mail:sureshsilla@gmail.com)

(Received: 13 December 2013; Accepted: 27 December 2013)

SUMMARY

In India, there is a short supply of about 38 percent green fodder, especially during the summer season. Sorghum is an important widely grown for forage. It is fast growing, palatable, nutritious and utilized as silage and hay besides fresh feeding. Sorghum crop is adaptive to vast environmental conditions and in India, it provides green fodder to the animals for a considerable length of period i.e., from May to November. The quality of sorghum feed and fodder is acceptable for feeding all animals. The sowing time of the multi-cut sorghum affects the fodder supply to considerable extent and hence, proper sequencing of the sowing time should be done in order to achieve maximum fodder yield alongwith maintaining the regular supply of the green fodder. Therefore, the present study was carried out at Fodder Production Unit, CCSHAU, Hisar during kharif season 2009 by staggered sowing of the multi-cut sorghum every month starting from April to September. The results revealed that sowing of the multi-cut sorghum during the month of first forthnight of May produces the maximum green fodder yield, which was followed by sowing during the second fortnight of April. The maximum fodder yield of multi-cut sorghum with sowing during this period may be due to less attack insect pests at the juvenile stage due to high temperature high temperature prevailing during summer months. Therefore, crop had opportunity to grow and develop upto maximum extent.

Key words:Sowing time, fodder yield, and sorghum

39(2) 102-103