K. K. BALODARIYA, K. A. SHAH,*, N. N. PATEL AND S. SALUNKHE
Departments of Agronomy, N. M. Collage of Agriculture, NAU, Navsari-396 450 (Gujarat), India
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari-396 450 (Gujarat), India
*(e-mail : shahkinjal@nau.in)
(Received : 19 September 2022; Accepted : 29 September 2022)

SUMMARY

An experiment was conducted to study the “Effect of varieties, FYM and nitrogen levels on yield, content and uptake of nutrients by summer fodder pearl millet under south Gujarat condition” during summer season of 2020 at the college farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari. The soil of the experimental plots was clayey in texture having medium to poor drainage capacity, good water holding capacity, low in available nitrogen and organic carbon, medium in available phosphorus and available potassium. The soil was neutral in reaction with normal electric conductivity. Total twelve treatment combinations comprising of two varieties (V₁: GAFB-4 and V₂ GFB-1), two levels of FYM (F₁: control and F₂: 5.0 t FYM/ ha) and three levels of nitrogen treatment (N₁:75% RDN/ha, N₂: 100% RDN/ha and N₃:125% RDN/ha) were evaluated in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Fodder pearl millet variety GAFB-4 recorded significantly higher plant height at harvest (142.16 cm), green fodder yield (272.69 q/ha), dry matter yield (74.70 q/ha) as well as uptake of nitrogen (74.09 kg/ha), and phosphorus (15.16 kg/ha) over variety GFB-1. Net returns (Rs 60601/ha) and B: C ratio (3.86) was also found maximum under the same variety. Incorporation of 5.0 t FYM/ha significantly increased plant height (142.11 cm) at harvest, green fodder yield (280.38 q/ha), dry matter yield (76.34 q/ha), nitrogen content (1.21 %), phosphorus content (0.238 %) as well as uptake of nitrogen (80.10 kg/ha), phosphorus (15.76 kg/ha) and potash (89.71 kg/ha) over control. The higher net returns (Rs. 62906/ha) and B: C ratio (4.76) was incurred under the application of 5.0 t FYM/ha and control, respectively. An application of 125 % RDN/ha significantly increased plant height at harvest (144.82 cm), green fodder yield (279.32 q/ha), dry matter yield (75.58 q/ha), nitrogen content (1.29 %), phosphorus content (0.245 %), potash content (1.38 %) and uptake of nitrogen (85.02 kg/ha), phosphorus (16.01 kg/ha) and potash (90.33 kg/ha) over 75 % RDN. The maximum net returns (Rs. 62246/ha) and B: C ratios (3.89) were also found under the same treatment.

Key words: FYM, fodder pearl millet, green fodder yield, nutrients content, variety

221-227

MOHAMMAD NABI, SATPAL, NEELAM*, K. K. BHARDWAJ, NITIN BHARDWAJ, N. KHAROR, BISHAN SINGH AND SURESH KUMAR
Department of Agronomy, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding (Forage Section), Department of Soil Science
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : berkesia.neelam@gmail.com)
(Received : 01 September; Accepted : 29 September)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted at Forage Research Farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), India during summer season of 2020 to assess the influence of organic and inorganic sources of nitrogen application on quality, yield and productivity of single-cut forage sorghum. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine treatments viz. T₁: Control, T₂: 100% RDN (Recommended Dose of Nitrogen) through inorganic source, T₃: 75% RDN through inorganic source+25% RDN through FYM, T₄: 75% RDN through inorganic source+25% RDN through vermicompost, T₅: 50% RDN through inorganic source +50% RDN through FYM, T₆: 50% RDN through inorganic source +50% RDN through vermicompost , T₇: 100% RDN through FYM, T₈: 100% RDN through vermicompost, T₉ : 50% RDN through FYM+50% RDN through vermicompost were replicated thrice in the experiment. Among quality parameters, maximum crude protein content (8.91%) and in-vitro dry matter digestibility (51.8%) were estimated with T₂[100% RDN (Recommended Dose of Nitrogen) through inorganic source (Urea)] which were on a par with T₃(75% RDN through inorganic source + 25% N through FYM) and T₄ (75% RDN through inorganic source + 25% N through vermicompost) for CP and with T₃, T₄ and T₆ for IVDMD. HCN content (anti-nutritional constituent) estimated at 30 DAS was below critical limit (200 µg/g on fresh weight basis) in all the treatments. Maximum per day productivity of green fodder, dry matter, crude protein and digestible dry matter (45640, 11980, 1070 and 6200, respectively) recorded with the application of 100% RDN through inorganic source was on a par with 75% RDN through inorganic source+25% RDN through FYM/ vermicompost. Conclusively among different nitrogen management options integrated use of inorganic and organic sources of nitrogen (75% nitrogen through urea and 25% nitrogen through vermicompost or FYM) can be a better substitute to sole application of inorganic sources (100% nitrogen through inorganic sources) to obtain the comparative results of quality parameters and yield of single cut forage sorghum.

Key words: Forage sorghum, single-cut, FYM, vermicompost, quality, HCN, crude protein and IVDMD

228-231

MUBEENA P.*, USHA C. THOMAS AND DEEPA SURENDRAN
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram (Kerala), India
Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ambalavayal, Wayanad (Kerala), India
*(e-mail : mubeenap94@gmail.com)
(Received : 18 July 2022; Accepted : 04 August 2022)

SUMMARY

The study was conducted in College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Thiruvananthapuram during January-September, 2020 to investigate the anti-nutritional factors and micro nutrient contents of different tree fodder and shrubs that are locally available in Southern Kerala. Ten different fodder trees and shrubs which are locally fed to the cattle viz., Sesbania grandiflora, Erythrina indica, Moringa oleifera, Cocos nucifera, Glyricidia maculata, Terminalia elliptica, Leucaena leucocephala, Manihot esculenta, Musa acuminata and Mangifera indica were selected and analysed for micro nutrient content (Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu) and anti-nutritional factors (oxalate and nitrate).The results revealed that mean values of iron, zinc, manganese and copper content were of the range 136.45±18.55, 20.59 ±3.62, 30.16±6.48 and 11.75±0.91 respectively. The study also revealed that, both Sesbania grandiflora and Glyricidia maculata have negligible amount of nitrate. Remaining all tree fodders have nitrate in the range of 2.72±1.02. Whereas oxalate content in all tree leaves ranged from 1.43 to 2.97 per cent, with a mean value of 2.93± 0.16 per cent.

Key words: Anti nutritional factors, micronutrients, nitrate, oxalate, tree fodder

232-235

AXAY BHUKER*, HEMENDER, NEHA BOORA, V. S. MOR, PRADEEP KUMAR DALAL AND SATYAWAN ARYA
Department of Seed Science & Technology, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : bhuker.axay@gmail.com)
(Received : 01 August 2022; Accepted : 27 September 2022)

SUMMARY

Present study was carried out on two varieties of oat i.e. OS 6 and HFO 611 having two seed lots (Fresh and one year old) in order to standardize the hydro-priming technique for enhancing planting value of oat seeds. The results revealed that maximum germination (100%) was recorded in fresh seed lot of OS 6 after 14 hours of direct soaking in 1½ times volume of water while it was recorded 96% in old lot after same soaking duration and volume of water. At half volume of water, maximum germination (99%) was recorded after 26 hours soaking duration while at equal volume of water, germination was found maximum (99%) at 24 hours soaking duration as compared to control (95%). Same trend was observed in other seed quality parameters also and maximum vigour index-I (3300), Vigour index-II (1162) and field emergence (65%) was observed at 14 hours soaking duration in 1½ times volume of water. One year old seed lot recorded more improvement in seed quality as compared to fresh seed lot. More enhancement in seed quality parameters was recorded in OS 6 over HFO 611. It is concluded from the study that hydro-priming for14 hours by direct soaking in one and half volume of water under ambient condition (20+2^oC) is optimum for enhancing the seed quality in oat. If volume of water is reduced to half or equal quantity of water then soaking duration should be increased upto 26 and 24 hours respectively.

Key words: Priming, Avena sativa, seed quality, Hydro-priming, seed lots

236-240

SUSHIL KUMARI*, K. S. AHLAWAT, K. K. BHARDWAJ, R. S. DHILLON, R. S. BENIWALL, CHHAVI SIROHI, PAWAN KUMAR POONIA, VIRENDER DALAL AND SATPAL
Department of Forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana), India
Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
Department of G&PB (Forage section), CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : sushil.punia100@gmail.com)
(Received : 14 September 2022; Accepted : 28 September 2022)

SUMMARY

There is a large gap between the demand and supply of green fodder during lean period. A study was conducted at Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana to assess the productivity of fodder crops Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) HJ 541 and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) HC 46 under a eucalyptus-based agrisilviculture system. The present study was carried out a 2.0-year-old plantation of Eucalyptus tereticornis planted at different 4m × 2m and 5m × 2m spacing during the summer season (kharif) with different, fodder crops, viz. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), were sown under eucalyptus plantation and control (devoid of tree) with seven replications. The results revealed that height of Sorghum (192.56 cm) and Cowpea plant (82.65) cm were higher under 5 m × 2m spacing as compared 4m × 2m spacing. Similarly the other parameters in both the crops such as leaf area of sorghum and cowpea (2088.64 & 1754.64 cm²/plant), Plant Stem diameter (11.54 and 7.15 mm) and Fresh fodder yield (32.72 and 14.11 t/ha) were also higher under 5m × 2m spacing at harvest. The benefit cost ratio of this experiment was calculated. Among both the crop maximum value of benefit-to-cost ratio (BC ratio) (0.84) and (0.40) under 5m × 2m spacing in the sorghum and cowpea as compared to (0.73) and (0.36) 4m × 2m spacing. The crop indicates that 5m × 2m spacing is more appropriate spacing of Eucalyptus based Agrisilviculture system from efficiency and profitability point of view.

Key words: Eucalyptus, sorghum, cowpea, B:C ratio, Agrisilviculture

241-246

SNEH YADAV*, R. S. DHILLON, K. S. AHLAWAT, S. KUMARI, CHARAN SINGH AND KAJAL MEHTA
Department of Forestry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
Department of Soil Science, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : snehyadav1091995@gmail.com)
(Received : 10 August 2022; Accepted : 29 September 2022)

SUMMARY

Performance of fodder sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) was investigated with different spacings of poplar (Populus deltoides) to evaluate productivity and economics of the silvopastoral agroforestry system at forestry farm, CCS HAU, Hisar (Haryana) during 2018-19. The experiment was laid out by planting fodder sorghum (var. HC-171) in between two and half-yr-old poplar at six different spacings, i.e. 3×3 m, 4×3 m, 5×3 m, 6×3 m, 7×3 m and 8×3 m in randomized block design (RDB) with three replications. The intercrops sorghum was maintained at 20 cm × 10 cm spacing and supplied with recommended doses of fertilizers. The study revealed that the highest number of plants (29.21) per meter square andthe maximum plant height (177.81 cm) at 20 DAS was recorded in 8×3m spacing followed by 7×3m, 6×3m and least under 3×3m under different spacings of poplar. A similar trend of growth of sorghum was observed after 40 and 60 DAS as it follows the increasing trend with increase in spacing. The number of tillers per meter square and leaf area index was recorded higher (64.26 and 6.40) under control (sole sorghum) over different spacings of poplar. However, maximum number of tillers per m2 (59.03) and leaf area index (6.00) was found under 8×3m spacing than other spacings. Among the different spacings of poplar, the fodder yield of sorghumwas recorded maximum (38.45 t/ha) under 8×3 m followed by 7×3m (37.98 t/ha), 6×3m (35.85 t/ha), 5×3m (34.38 t/ha), 4×3m (27.78 t/ha) spacings and the minimum (24.27 t/ha) under 3×3 m. The reduction in fresh fodder yield of sorghum under 3×3m, 4×3m, 5×3m, 6×3m, 7×3m and 8×3m spacings of poplar was 44.03, 35.94, 20.72, 17.33, 12.42 and 11.34 per cent, respectively over control (devoid of trees). All the growth and yield attributes of sorghum were recorded lesser under different spacings of poplar as compared to the control (crop in open). While maximum (2.31) benefit to cost ratio was observed under Poplar+ sorghum combination in closer plant geometry of 3×3 m due to more number of trees.

Key words: Agroforestry, sorghum, poplar, spacing, fodder

247-254

DHARMENDER SINGH, P. K. CHAHAL*, B. S. GHANGHAS AND DANGI POOJA ARUN
Department of Extension Education
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : pardeepchahal46@gmail.com)
(Received : 05 September 2022; Accepted : 28 September 2022)

SUMMARY

The most important factor which decides the awareness and adoption level of any new varieties, method or technology in the agricultural sector is the socio-economic conditions of farmers. This study focuses on the socio-economic conditions of the sorghum growers of the Gurugram district of Haryana state.For this study, an interview schedule was prepared. The independent variables are different socio-economic characteristics including age, education, caste, landholding, family type, cropping system etc.The study was conducted in two blocks inthe Gurugram district of Haryana. A total of 120 respondents were selected for the study. The data showed that the majority of respondents belonged to the middle age group (36-50 years). In terms of educational background, it was observed that out of 120 respondents, maximum respondents (45.80 %) were matriculate or intermediate passed, followed by middle education group 23.30 per cent. While 20.80 per cent of respondents were graduate and above and the percentage of illiterate group was lowest as only 10.00 per cent. It is evident from findings that the majority of respondents 49.2 per cent belonged to the other backward caste (OBC) category. That the majority of respondents 76.70 per cent were living in a joint family system and the remaining 23.30 per cent respondents were living in a nuclear family system in the area of investigation. The majority of respondents (71.70%) were having large family sizes followed by respondents having a small family size 28.30 per cent.

Key words: Socio-economic variables, education, majority, respondents

255-259

SOMU, G., MEENA, N.*, SHASHIKUMAR, C., SHIVARAY NAVI, RASHMI, D. AND SHEKAR, B. G.
AICRP on Sorghum, Haradanahalli farm, Chamarajanagara, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
AICRP on Cotton, Haradanahalli farm, Chamarajanagara, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
College of Agriculture, KVK, Haradanahalli Farm, Chamarajanagara, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
AICRP on Forage crops, ZARS, V.C. Farm, Mandya, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
*(e-mail : meena3n@gmail.com)
(Received : 05 September 2022; Accepted : 25 September 2022)

SUMMARY

CNFS-1 is a new single cut forage sorghum variety is a selection from Kagalavadi local fodder sorghum variety. Based on its performance under rainfed condition in station, multilocation trials and farm trials, CNFS-1 recorded 33.70, 34.88 and 29.88 percent more green fodder yield over the check MP Chari. Performance of CNFS-1 in Co-ordinated trial, Second place in the green fodder yield at All India level, with zone wise data it was recorded second rank in Zone I and fourth rank in Zone II for green fodder yield respectively. It had more of protein (9.87%), Total Soluble Sugar (11.68%) and IVDMD (51%). Lower Ash (6.77%), Fibre (35.20%) and HCN content (12.77ppm) than the check MP Chari. It showed resistant reaction to leaf spot and found to be less susceptible to shoot fly damage. By considering the high green fodder yield potential of CNFS-1 better nutritional qualities and resistance to pest and diseases over check MP Chari. It was, therefore, released under the CNFS-1 for green fodder yield under rainfed condition of Southern Dry Zone (Zone 6) of Karnataka.

Key words: CNFS-1, MP Chari, green fodder yield and HCN

260-263

ANIL KUMAR*, SANDEEP KUMAR ANTIL AND VIJAYA RANI
Department of FMPE, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
KVK, Sonipat (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : anilsaroha@hau.ac.in)
(Received : 06 September 2022; Accepted : 29 September 2022)

SUMMARY

The mechanical characteristics of paddy straw were evaluated in terms of shear and tensile strength with respect to variety, moisture content and inter node position. The parameters were determined for two varieties (PB – 1121 and HB – 2) at three levels of moisture content (20, 35 and 50% (wb)) and five internode positions (IN1, IN2, IN3, IN4 and IN5). The results showed that shear strength decreased with increase in moisture content, whereas tensile strength increased with an increase in moisture content. The shear and tensile strength both increased from first internode to fifth internode in both the varieties. The shear and tensile strength of PB-1121 was significantly higher (9 %) than HB-2 at each internode and all levels of moisture content. The paddy varieties contained carbon, oxygen, aluminium, silicon and other elements as confirmed by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The presence of more silicon in PB-1121 variety provided a strong reason for better mechanical properties as compared to variety HB-2.

Key words: Internode position, moisture content, paddy, shear strength, tensile strength

264-271

J. V. NANDANIYA*, T. D. MEHTA AND S. K. GAADHE
Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering,
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,
Junagadh Agriculture University, Junagadh, Gujarat 362001
*(e-mail : jaydipahir1629@gmail.com)
(Received : 08 July 2022; Accepted : 29 September 2022)

SUMMARY

Fodder harvesting is one of the enumerative as well as job creative farming. Lucerne is one of the oldest cultivated fodder crops in the world. In a present context, harvesting of fodder in India and Gujarat is done manually mostly. The well matured lucerne are harvested manually by sickle which is time consuming and inefficient. More over manual harvesting is done in a Squatting position which is arduous to the farmer and causes backache. Therefore, a project on development and performance evaluation of lucerne harvesting machine was undertaken. A lucerne harvesting machine was developed which consisted of main frame, diesel engine, conveyor unit, reel unit, cutting unit, handle, cutting height wheel and transporting wheel. The developed lucerne harvester were divided in two part (1) cutting unit having knives of 30 mm width and 2 mm thickness and (2) conveying unit which convey the harvest crop. A power transmit from engine to the cutting unit and conveying unit done by the help of belts and pulleys. The power required for cutting and conveying were 97 W and 215 W, respectively. The push force required for transportation in field. The performance of the developed lucerne harvester was evaluated in the field at three forward speeds. Such parameters was measured that the average harvesting efficiency, field efficiency and plant damage were 76.87 %, 74.55 % and 11.65 % respectively. The effective field capacity was 0.177 ha/h, at forward speed of 1.3-1.6 km/h, whereas by traditional method i.e. by sickle was 0.0041 ha/h. After harvesting, average height of stubble found to 6 cm. The total cost saved by developed lucerne harvester ware 19.5%.

Key words: Fodder crop, harvesting, squatting position, mechanization, efficiency

272-277

MANUJ SAINI*, M. S. DALAL, SONU LANGAYA, AJAY PAL, DEV VART, KIRAN, DEEPAK KAUSHIK AND AARTI KAMBOJ
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, CCS Haryana Agricultural University,
Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
Department of Biochemistry, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : doc.manujsaini@hau.ac.in)
(Received : 01 September 2022; Accepted : 27 September 2022)

SUMMARY

Pearl Millet is an important hardy coarse grain crop. Worldwide, notably in India and Africa, iron and zinc deficiencies are important public health issues that affect many people. Biofortification is a cost-effective and sustainable agricultural strategy to address this problem. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the character association in sixty pearl millet germplasm lines. The observations were recorded for nine morphological and three quality parameters. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that grain yield per plant was positively and significantly associated with plant height, panicle diameter, dry fodder yield per plant and grain Zn content, while grain Fe and Zn content shows high association with panicle diameter and among themselves as well. Path coefficient analysis revealed that dry fodder yield per plant and plant height had highest positive direct effect on grain yield.

Key words: Pearl millet, zinc, iron, germplasm lines

278-283