SEVA NAYAK DHEERAVATHU*, MANOJ CHAUDHARY, NILAMANI DIKSHIT, MANASA VAKADA, SRINIVASAN R, USHA T. N, THULASI BAI VADITHE, SAIDA NAIK VADITHE, VIJAYA KUMAR G, BANDEPPA SONTH AND SATPAL
ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), India
ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Gauria Karma, Hazaribagh-825405 (Jharkhand), India
ICAR- Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh), India
Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), India
Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of
Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga (Karnataka), India
Department of Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh), India
ANGRAU-Agricultural Research Station, Jangameswarapuram, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh), India
ANGRAU-Agricultural College, Bapatla, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh), India
Forage Section, Deptt. of G&PB, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : sevanayak2005@gmail.com)
(Received : 10 December 2022; Accepted : 30 December 2022)

SUMMARY

Climate change is a global phenomenon and is occurring continuously since the earth came into existence. Soil is the most important renewable natural resource. It is the medium of plant growth and supports different types of living organisms on the earth. Climate change is threatening the food, fodder and nutritional security globally. Countries like India are more vulnerable in view of
the varied physiographic features viz. different types of soils, topography, land slope and local climate that influence the form and species composition of plant communities. Climate change is projected to have significant impact on agriculture production, productivity and livestock production. It is anticipated that global climate change would have a variety of consequences on soil processes and properties which are very important for restoring soil fertility and productivity. Climate change predominantly effects soils by altering soil moisture conditions, enhancing soil temperature, carbon dioxide levels and salt accumulation. In this review we highlighted about the effect of elevated salt ions, phytodesalination, CO₂ and temperature on soil health and forage crops.

Key words: Climate change, forage crops, soil health, soil salinity

285-289

AXAY BHUKER*, NEHA BOORA, S. S. JAKHAR AND SATPAL
Department of Seed Science & Technology, College of Agriculture1
Forage Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : bhuker.axay@gmail.com)
(Received : 10 October 2022; Accepted : 12 December 2022)

SUMMARY

Last five years data (2016-17 to 2020-21) on certified seed of forage crops was collected from Haryana State Seed Certification Agency (HSSCA), Panchkula (Haryana) including certified
seed production in public, private and co-operative sector. The data of fresh as well as revalidated certified seed were also collected to know the status of certified seed in the state. The results revealed that quantity of certified seed of forage crops has increased since last five years. Certified seed of oat crop has increased from 838.58 q (2016-17) to 2960.79 q (2020-21). Number of seeds lots offered for certification have also increased from 10 to 22. During 2017-18, only one seed lot and during 2018-19, three seed lots were offered for revalidation of 15.00 q seed while no seed was offered for revalidation since last two years i.e. 2019-20 and 2020-21. In oat crop, five varieties i.e. HJ-8, OS-6, OS-377, OL-10, Kent are in seed chain and three varieties i.e. HB-2, BL-10, BL-42 of berseem are in seed chain since last five years. Berseem certified seed production has also increased from 17.37 q (2016-17) to 120.00 q (2020-21) but production was maximum (161.40 q) during 2018-19. No quantity of berseem certified seed was offered for revalidation since last five years which indicates the heavy demand of seeds of fodder crops. Apart from this quantity of certified seed, a huge quantity of TL seed is also being sold to the farmers which need to be estimated for total quantity of seed available for farmers. The above information may be useful for seed producing organizations for demand forecasting/planning and can be used in framing agricultural policies.

Key words: Avena sativa, forage crops, certified seed, revalidation, Trifolium alexandrinum

290-293

ASHOK K. DHAKAD, H. K. OBEROI* AND J. S. LAMBA
Department of Forestry and Natural Resources; 2Forage and Millet Section,
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana -141004, (Punjab) India
Department of Animal Nutrition, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University,
Ludhiana, (Punjab) India
*(e-mail : harpreetoberoi@pau.edu)
(Received : 26 October 2022; Accepted : 14 December 2022)

SUMMARY

In the era of chemical revolution, livestock are totally dependent on synthetic supplements for their body growth, mental and physical health; and milk and meat production. Moringa oleifera is only plant which is considered as bowl of supplements and wide range of bioactive ingredients and minerals. In this connection, 14 seed sources were studied for nutritional values, fodder quality and mineral contents. North Indian seed source were observe prominent for dry matter (S6; 26.80 g/
100g), ash content (S5; 11.53 g/100g DM), soluble sugars (S4; 23.17 g/100g DM), ether extract (S14; 4.69 g/100g DM), crude fibre (21.90 g/100g DM), phenolic compounds (S6; 10.24 g/100g DM), cellulose (S6; 26.90 g/100g DM), nitrate (806 µg/g DM) and saponins (S6; 24.40 µg/g DM). While, south Indian sources were best for crude protein (S9; 18.81 g/100g DM), flavonoids (S11; 1.90 g/100g DM), hemicellulose (20.30 g/100g DM) and tannins (S7; 55.88 µg/g DM). Besides, West Indian seed sources were found best for total carbohydrates (S2; 75.05 g/100g DM), total energy value (S2; 386.32 Kcal/100g DM), NFE (56.05 g/100g DM) and oxalate content (S10; 1.12%). In general, the highest concentration of essential minerals was found in north Indian sources, i.e. S6 and S14. Thus, there is sufficient scope for characterization of wild land races having high concentrations of nutrients and minerals to incorporate in future breeding programmes with high leaf biomass cultivars for forage nutritional security in lean period.

Key words: Moringa oleifera, seed sources, nutritional values, mineral profiling, tree fodder

294-303

SANDEEP, RUBY GARG*, JITENDER AND BISHAN SINGH
Department of Agronomy and Department of Entomology
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : ragrihau@gmail.com)
(Received : 31 October 2022; Accepted : 3 November 2022)

SUMMARY

Chemical fertilizer deficiency has a negative impact on the quantity and quality of forages. Simultaneously, excessive amounts of additional fertilizers tend to develop succulent-type plants, which increase the plant’s vulnerability to diseases, insect pests, and lodging. It also causes harmful impacts on soil health and its biota. Therefore a clear understanding is required about the ways
which not only results in decreasing these harmful effects but also helps us to provide a better agricultural environment for our future generations.

Key words: Forages, fertilizer, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber

401-406

MD. KHURSHID ALAM, MD. KABIRUL ISLAM KHAN, *, JANNATARA KHATUN AND EMRAN HOSSAIN
Department of Animal Science and Nutrition
Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University,
Khulshi, Chattogram – 4225, Bangladesh
*(e-mail : kkhan@cvasu.ac.bd)
(Received : 18 December 2022; Accepted : 30 December 2022)

SUMMARY

The research was conducted to know the quality characteristics and biomass yield of fodder influenced by the sheep and poultry manure during the winter season of 2020 in the hill condition of Bangladesh. Among the experimental plots, a total of 16 maize, 16 cowpea and 4 maize+cowpea fodders were cultivated by applying the treatments (control (T0) = Fertilizer, N:P:K 1.6:0.90:0.30 (kg/decimal); T1 = Fertilizer + Sheep manure (80 kg/decimal); T2= Fertilizer + Poultry manure (80 kg/decimal) and T3 = Fertilizer + Combination of sheep and poultry manure (50:50) (80 kg/decimal)). The experimental data were collected from 4 uniform plots (4 decimals) from each experimental area. The results obtained that better values of morphometric parameters and fodder biomass yield were found in poultry manure (T2) were lower in the control group (T0) for both maize and cowpea and intermediate biomass yield was
observed in sheep manure (T1) application. On the contrary, the highest CP, EE and lowest CF content in the cow dung application plot. So, we can be concluded that higher productivity with enhanced quality of green fodder with poultry manure rather than cow dung.

Key words: Green fodder, manure, cultivation, parameters

307-314

DEVINDER PAL SINGH*, MOHIT JAIN AND MEENAKSHI GOYAL
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics,
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab), India
*(e-mail : devinderpal301@pau.edu)
(Received : 01 November 2022; Accepted : 30 December 2022)

SUMMARY

The present study was conducted with 13 germplasm accessions along with two checks at experimental area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PunjabAgricultural University,
Ludhiana during Kharif 2021. The objective of the study was to determine the extent of variability, correlations and path coefficients amongdifferent forage and qualitytraits. The high value of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was observed for Leaf-stem Ratio followed by Stem Girth, Green Fodder Yield and Vine Length. High heritability( >90%) was estimated for Vine Length, Number of Leaves and Neutral Detergent Fibre, while more than 85% heritability was observed for most of the characters such as green fodder yield, dry matter yield, crude protein, acid detergent fibre, In-vitro dry matter digestibility, leaf length, branches per plant and leaf stem ratio. Higher genetic advance was observed for Leaf-Stem Ratio (79.20%) and Vine Length (52.15%). Traits like Dry Matter Yield (0.96) and Vine Length (0.44) had positive and significant correlation with green fodder yield. Positive and direct effect of Vine Length (0.156), Leaf Length (0.184), Leaf Breadth (0.122), Stem Girth (0.043) and Leaf-Stem Ratio (0.154).The results suggest that traits like Vine Length, Leaf length, Leaf Breadth, Stem girth and Leaf-stem Ratio are the main fodder yield components. So, selection for these traits should be practiced in future breeding programme for improving the green fodder yield in cowpea.

Key words: Cowpea, forage, correlations, path coefficients

315-319

RAVISH PANCHTA*, SURENDER KUMAR PAHUJA, SATYAWAN ARYA, DEVVART YADAV AND SONU LANGAYA
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding,
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : r.panchta@gmail.com)
(Received : 11 November 2022; Accepted : 18 December 2022)

SUMMARY

The DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) testing is the basis of granting protection of newly developed varieties under PPV & FR Act, 2001 which makes the morphological
characterization essential. Keeping this in view present study was conducted using 25 genotypes which were characterized for ten morphological traits under eight environments. The characters were found stable over different environments. Majority of the genotypes were found branched with dark green and pubescent leaves with serrated leaf margins. Pink flower colour, short tipped and pubescent pods, short clusters and square shaped seed were found in most of the genotypes. The seed colour displayed great variability comprising five distinct classes with most of the genotypes with light grey coloured seed. These morphological markers can be utilized for the purpose of registration, maintenance, protection and diversity study of the genotypes in cluster bean.

Key words: Morphological characterization, cluster bean, morphological markers

320-326

PUMMY KUMARI*, NEERAJ KHAROR, B. L. SHARMA AND D. S. PHOGAT
Forage Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : pummy.hau@gmail.com)
(Received : 15 October 2022; Accepted : 22 December 2022)

SUMMARY

Sorghum is a versatile crop and is mainly used as fodder crop in North India. Due to high total soluble solids, crude protein percent and invitro dry matter digestibility it is good for animal health and is preferred by animals over maize and pearl millet. Major breeding objective for any forage sorghum improvement program are high green biomass yield, good quality along with resistance against major insect pests and foliar diseases. Sorghum has ability for inherently high green biomass accumulation, high productivity per unit water utilization. Keeping above facts in view, we have evaluated ten hybrids and four advanced forage sorghum lines, along with four checks for fodder yield, quality and regeneration potential. The first cut of the crop was taken 64 days after sowing. Maximum green and dry fodder yield coupled with better quality was shown by hybrids SPH 1907 and SPH 1879, CSH24MF, CSV33MF and SSG 59-3. These hybrids can be used in future for high green and dry biomass production to fulfill the growing demand of fodder in the country.

Key words: Sorghum, green fodder, digestibility, quality

327-332

SANJAY KUMAR SANADYA*, S. S. SHEKHAWAT AND SMRUTISHREE SAHOO
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding,
Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner-334 006 (Rajasthan), India
*(e-mail : sanjaypbg94@gmail.com)
(Received : 25 August 2022; Accepted : 24 December 2022)

SUMMARY

Globally sewan grasslands are predominantly found in arid and semi-arid tropics with other arid grasses. Thirty sewan accessions selected based on dry matter yield were evaluated to assess genetic variability, correlations and divergence for agronomical traits and yield. Trait dry matter yield showed significant positive correlation and direct effect with green fodder yield and dry matter percentage while negative direct effect with positive significant correlation with number of tillers per plant. These traits also had a significant regression with dry matter yield that explained 16.2, 15.8,
and 87.2 % respectively of the variation. Variability revealed that two traits viz., tillers number and
leaf length showed high coefficient of variation. Using metroglyph plot, accessions were classified into seven clusters. Accessions RLSB 6-17, RLSB 5-24, RLSB 2-11, RLSB 10-28 and RLSB 7-19 were identified as highly diverse accessions that can be used for further improvement in sewan grass for harsh arid and semi-arid environmental conditions. Principal component analysis illustrated that leaf length, days to maturity, leaf width, spike length and plant height traits had the highest communality and consequently high relative contribution in forage yield.

Key words: Desert grassland, diversity, sewan grass, selection, forage

333-342

REENU, SATYAWAN ARYA, PUMMY KUMARI, RAVISH PANCHTA, KAVITA RANI*, HARSH CHAURASIA AND PRIYANKA DAHIYA
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
Sher-e-Kashmir University of agriculture Sciences & Technology, Jammu, (J&K), India
*(e-mail : kavitadhanday22@yahoo.com)
(Received : 7 April 2022; Accepted : 29 December 2022)

SUMMARY

An investigation was conducted in Sorghum bicolor with line x tester (3 females x 6 males) to study the combining ability effects for fodder yield and other yield related traits. Analysis of variance revealed the presence of sufficient variation in the study material. The SCA variance was greater in magnitude than the GCA variance for most of the traits under study indicating predominance
of non-additive gene action in the genetic control of those traits. Line 14A found good general combiner for GFY in 1^st and 2^nd cut, regeneration potential, DFY in 1^st cut, GFY in 2^nd cut, plant height whereas tester HJ 541 emerged as a good combiner for GFY in 1^st cut, DFY in 2^nd cut, no. of leaves per plant, leaf breadth. For GFY in 1^st cut significant high SCA effects exhibiting crosses were 31A × SSG 59-3, 9A × SGL 87, 31A × S 437 and 9A × HJ 541.

Key words: Forage sorghum, GCA, SCA, multi cut

343-348

KIRAN*, M. C. KAMBOJ, SOMVEER NIMBAL AND DEEPAK KUMAR
Department of Genetics and Plant breeding,
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : mehrakiran.0331@gmail.com)
(Received : 5 July 2022; Accepted : 24 July 2022)

SUMMARY

The field experiment was conducted at CCS HAU Regional Research Station, Karnal using 20 maize hybrids and 40 maize inbred lines sown with two replications during spring 2021-22 conditions. Analysis of seed vigour parameters was carried out at laboratory of department Seed Science and Technology, CCS HAU, Hisar. Seed vigour parameters namely standard germination (SG) (%), seedling
length (SL) (cm), seedling dry weight (SDW) (g), 100- seed grain weight (HGW) (g), seedling vigour index I (SVI) and seedling vigour index II (SVII) and grain yield per plot (GY/P) (g) were analyzed. Analysis of variance revealed significant variations among the genotypes for different traits under study. In inbred lines sixteen genotypes showed >90% of standard germination (SG) and only three genotypes reported <80% SG. Whereas, in case of hybrids out of 20 genotypes only one showed >90% SG, fourteen genotypes reported 85-90% and only five genotypes reported SG between 80-85 %. All the traits showed high heritability with high genetic advance (%) except grain yield per plot which showed moderately high heritability with moderate genetic advance (%). Correlation analysis revealed the positive and significant association among all the seed vigour parameters. Path analysis coefficient revealed positive direct effect of SG, SDW, SVI and HGW with grain yield per plot.

Key words: Spring maize, seed vigour, grain yield

349-353

KONDAGARI HEMALATHA*, S. K. BILLAIYA, R. SHIV RAMAKRISHNAN, PUSHPENDRA SINGH YADAV AND A. K. MEHTA
Ph. D. Scholar, Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Department of Plant Physiology
Ph. D. Scholar, Department of Agronomy, Principle Scientist, Department of genetics and Plant Breeding
Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh), India
*(e-mail : hemalathakondagari123@gmail.com)
(Received : 16 December 2022; Accepted : 30 December 2022)

SUMMARY

The present research was conducted to study morphological characters in 40 F₁ crosses in oats as per DUS guideline. A total of nine morphological traits on forty oat crosses were observed during Rabi season 2022. All the F₁ crosses were grown in randomized complete block design with two replications. The different morphological traits observed are field grown plant viz., plant growth habit, leaf sheath hairiness, leaf blade hairiness, time of panicle emergence, stem hairiness of uppermost node, panicle orientation of branches, ligule shape, plant length (stem) (cm), panicle length (cm). The maximum plant growth was found in erect type for twenty five F₁ plant genotypes. The strong leaves sheath hairiness was exhibited high for eighteen F₁ plant genotypes. The strong leaf blade hairiness was recorded in eighteen F₁ plant genotypes. Medium time of panicle emergence was observed in fourteen F₁ plant genotypes. Fifteen F₁ plant genotypes were showed for strong hairiness of uppermost node. The erect panicle orientation of branches was found to be in sixteen genotypes. Twenty seven broad edged ligule shapes were observed in F₁ plant genotypes. The maximum number of plant length was recorded in fifteen medium F₁ plant genotypes. The maximum number of panicle length was observed for medium type of F₁ plant genotypes.

Key words: Oats, morphological characterization, DUS guideline

354-358

M. C. KAMBOJ*, KULDEEP JANGID, PREETI SHARMA, KIRAN AND NARENDER SINGH
CCS HAU Regional Research Station, Uchani, Karnal (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : kambojmehar@gmail.com)
(Received : 05 December 2022; Accepted : 28 December 2022)

SUMMARY

A trial was conducted during Kharif 2022 to evaluate the performance of ten sweet corn entries against two checks (CMVL sweet corn 1 and Misthi) at CCS HAU Regional Research Station, Karnal. Ten sweet corn genotypes sown in Randomized Block Design (RBD) in a plot size of 8.4 m² (four rows of 3.5 m with row to row spacing 0.6 m) with three replications. Observations was recorded on traits namely days to 50% anthesis, days to 50% silking, ear number/ha, ear height (cm), plant height (cm), green cob yield with husk (kg/ha), green cob yield without husk (kg/ha), fodder yield (kg/ha) and total soluble solutes (%). The genotype CSCH 16027 (14,442 kg/ha) reported maximum green cob yield with husk, CSCH 16027 (11526 kg/ha) genotype recorded second highest green cob yield without husk, genotype MSCH 2101 (29604 kg/ha) reported maximum forage yield with >12 percent heterosis over the best check and genotype CSCH 16027 was found to be at par with best check in terms of green cob yield without husk and also showed superiority in terms of forage yield against the best check.

Key words: Sweet corn, green cob yield, heterosis and forage yield

359-361

R. B. JADHAV, S. V. DAMAME*, S. A. LANDGE AND D. C. VANJARE
AICRP on Forage Crops & Utilization
Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413 722 (Maharashtra), India
*(e-mail : shivajidamame@gmail.com)
(Received : 22 November 2022; Accepted : 30 December 2022)

SUMMARY

An experiment was conducted to examine the nutritional quality of diversified germplasm of spineless fodder cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill). The young i.e. uppermost cladodes and mature i.e. lowermost cladodes were harvested and evaluated for proximate composition and fodder quality parameters such as crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, ash, total carbohydrates, dry matter, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre and in vitro dry matter digestibility. Among the thirty four fodder cactus germplasm studied, the per cent crude fibre, ash, dry matter, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre contents were higher in mature than young cladodes. While, the per cent crude protein, ether extract, total carbohydrates and in vitro dry matter digestibility were higher in young cladodes. The younger cladodes of germplasm COPENE F1 recorded the highest in vitro dry matter digestibility of 78.5 per cent with lowest per cent crude fibre, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre of 10.9, 13.2 and 17.2 per cent, respectively. The mature cladodes of COPENE F1 recorded the highest dry matter of 14.01%. The germplasm No. 1248 recorded the highest crude protein content of 9.7% in young cladodes. The young cladodes of germplasm No. 1258 recorded the highest ether extract of 3.0%. The mature cladodes of germplasm Palma Redonde recorded the highest ash content of 29.8%. The germplasm No. 1308 recorded the highest total carbohydrates of 79.8% than rest of the germplasms.

Key words: Spineless fodder cactus, Opuntia ficus-indica, dry matter, nutritional quality

362-366

AMIT KALALIYA, S. K. SHARMA* AND B. R. KAMBOJ
Department of Agronomy
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : sksharma67@rediffmail.com)
(Received : 18 October 2022; Accepted : 16 December 2022)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was carried out at Dryland Agriculture Research Farm of the Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during Kharif season of 2019 to study the nutrient management impact on grain and stover quality and nutrient uptake of pearl millet [Pennisetum
glaucum (L) R.Br.] under rainfed condition. The experiment consisted of thirteen nutrient management practices viz. T₁– control, T₂– 40:20 kg NP/ha, T₃– 50:25 kg NP/ha, T₄– 60:30 kg NP/ha, T₅– 40:20:10 kg NPK/ha, T₆– 50:25:12.5 kg NPK/ha, T₇– 60:30:15 kg NPK/ha, T₈– 40:20:10 kg NPK/ha + ZnSO₄ @ 0.5% at 30 DAS, T₉– 50:25:12.5 kg NPK/ha + ZnSO₄ @ 0.5% at 30 DAS, T₁₀– 60:30:15 kg NPK/ha + ZnSO₄ @ 0.5% at 30 DAS, T₁₁– 40:20:10 kg NPK/ha + 0.5% ZnSO₄ + 0.5% FeSO₄ at 30 DAS, T12- 50:25:12.5 kg NPK/ha + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 0.5% FeSO4 at 30 DAS and T13- 60:30:15 kg NPK/ha + 0.5% ZnSO₄ + 0.5% FeSO at 30 DAS was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Results revealed that application of 60:30:15 kg NPK/ha + 0.5% ZnSO₄ + 0.5% FeSO₄ at 30 DAS enhanced grain and stover quality of pearl millet in terms of protein, iron, zinc content and protein yield under rainfed condition. The maximum N, P and K uptake by grain (28.66, 8.60 and 13.00 kg/ha, respectively) and stover (20.52, 3.20 and 62.07 kg/ha, respectively) of pearl millet was recorded by application of 60:30:15 kg NPK/ha + 0.5% ZnSO₄ + 0.5% FeSO₄ at 30 DAS among all the treatments. The total uptake of N (49.18 kg/ha), P (11.80 kg/ha) and K (75.07 kg/ha) was found highest with the application of 60:30:15 kg NPK/ha + 0.5% ZnSO₄ + 0.5% FeSO₄ at 30 DAS over rest of treatments.

Key words: NPK uptake, nutrient management, pearl millet, protein yield, rainfed

367-371