SUMAN KASHYAP,*, S. K. JHA, N. PANDEY AND MORAJDHWAJ CHANDRAVANSHI
M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy, IGKV, Raipur-492 012 (Chhattisgarh), India
Senior Scientist, Department of Agronomy, IGKV, Raipur-492 012 (Chhattisgarh), India
Professor, Department of Agronomy, IGKV, Raipur-492 012 (Chhattisgarh), India
M. Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy, Btccars, Bilaspur, IGKV, Raipur-492 012 (Chhattisgarh), India
Indira Gandhi Agriculture University, Raipur-492 012 (Chhattisgarh), India
*(e-mail : sumankashyap0212@gmail.com)
(Received : 10 December 2022; Accepted : 27 December 2022)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted to assess the performance of certain promising entries of fodder oats (Avena sativa L.) and different nitrogen levels on yield and quality under single cut system at Research cum Instructional Farm, I.G.K.V, Raipur in Chhattisgarh plains. The experiment consists with ten promising entries of oats viz. OL-1874-1 of PAU, Ludhiana; OL-1876-1 of PAU, Ludhiana; RO-11-1-3 of MPKV, Rahuri; JO-06-23 of JNKVV, Jabalpur; SKO-241 of SKUAST-K, Srinagar; RO-11-1-2 of MPKV, Rahuri; and HFO-806 of CCS HAU, Hisar; and at national check Kent, OS-6 and at zonal check RO-11-1 as a main plot and three nitrogen levels viz. 60, 90 and 120 kg N/ha as a sub plot treatment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Among different promising entries of oats, OL-1874-1 recorded maximum forage yield (44.9 t/ha), dry fodder yield (9.43 t/ha), forage productivity (0.49 t/ha/day), dry fodder productivity (0.10 t/ha/day), crude protein yield (0.996 t/ha). On the other hand, SKO-241, which was found inferior with respect to grain yield attributes gave the highest content of fodder dry matter (25%). The highest crude protein content of 11.16% was obtained in RO-11-1. As regard to different nitrogen levels, forage yield (34.5 t/ha), dry fodder yield (7.62 t/ha), forage productivity (0.38 t/ha/day), dry fodder productivity (0.08 t/ha/day) and crude protein yield (0.85 t/ha), and crude protein content (11%) increased with 120 kg N/ha but the fodder dry matter showed almost similar performance at 60, 90 and 120 kg N/ha.

Key words: Crude protein, fodder oats, forage yield, nitrogen levels, quality

372-374

JYOTI, PARVEEN KUMAR* AND PAWAN KUMAR
Department of Agronomy
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : kumar10@hau.ac.in)
(Received : 26 October 2022; Accepted 30 December 2022)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2021-22 at Agronomy Research Farm, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University; Hisar to study the growth indices,
straw yield and harvest index of FIRB planted wheat as influenced by varieties and nitrogen sources under alternate furrow irrigation method. The experiment was carried out in split plot design with three replications. The four varieties (WH 1105, HD 3086, HD 2967 and WH 1184) were assisted in main plot and nitrogen sources viz. control, 100% RDN through urea, 50% RDN through urea + 50% RDN through VC and 50% RDN through urea + 25% RDN through VC + 25% RDN through FYM in sub plots on N equivalence basis. Among varieties, higher values of growth indices and straw yield were recorded with variety HD 3086, however, higher value of harvest index was recorded with HD 2967. Among nitrogen sources, 50 per cent RDN through urea + 25 per cent RDN through VC + 25 per cent RDN through FYM was found superior in respect of growth indices and straw yield over other nitrogen sources and control.

Key words: Growth indices, FIRB planted wheat, nitrogen sources, alternate furrow irrigation and straw yield

375-378

SAIKAT SARKAR, DEVENDRA SINGH, GANGADHAR NANDA, SUNIL KUMAR, SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH AND HRISHIKESH NATH
Department of Agronomy, PG College of Agriculture, RPCAU, Pusa-848125 (Bihar), India
Department of Soil Science, PG College of Agriculture, RPCAU, Pusa-848125 (Bihar), India
*(e-mail : isarkarsaikat1998@gmail.com)
(Received : 10 October 2022; Accepted : 27 December 2022)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted at the Forage Research Block of Cattle Farm, Animal Production Research Institute, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar to study the impact of various genotypes under varying nitrogen levels on growth and yield of fodder oat (Avena sativa L.). The experiment was conducted in split plot design with six genotypes in main plots (Kent, JO-07-28, OS-403, OS-6, HFO-904 and HFO-906) and three nitrogen levels (40, 80, and 120 kg ha-1) in sub-plots with three replications. Results revealed that growth attributes, i.e., plant height (163.3 cm) of HFO-906, number of tillers (122.3) of HFO-904, dry matter accumulation (219.2 g) of JO-07-28, SPAD reading (46.6) of Kent and number of green leaves (3.7) of Kent, JO-07-28 and HFO-904, were found to be higher over the rest of the genotypes. Genotype JO-07-28 outperformed the other genotypes in terms of green fodder yield (39.6 t/ha) and dry matter yield (8.8 t/ha). The leaf to stem ratio was recorded as significantly higher in HFO-904 (0.49) than in the remaining genotypes. Result indicated that plant height, number of tillers per meter row length, dry matter accumulation, and SPAD reading were recorded highest with the application of 120 kg N/ha, which were statistically at par with the application of 80 kg N/ha, except in SPAD reading. Maximum green fodder (37.1 t/ha) and dry matter yield (9.1 t/ha) and leaf to stem ratio (0.41) were registered at 120 kg N/ha, which were statistically on par with the application of 80 kg N/ha.

Key words: Genotypes, nitrogen levels, fodder oat, growth, yield

379-386

GANGADHAR NANDA*, NILANJAYA AND A. K. S. YADAV
AICRP on Forage Crops and Utilization
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa-818425 (Bihar), India
*(e-mail : gnanda@rpcau.ac.in)
(Received : 19 September 2022; Accepted : 30 December 2022)

SUMMARY

A field investigation was undertaken at AICRP on Forage Crops and Utilization, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa during Rabi season, 2021-22 to study the response of berseem genotypes to different P levels. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with four genotypes (BM-14, JB-07-15, Wardan (national check) and BB-3 (zonal check)) and three phosphorus levels (60, 80 and 100 kg P₂O₅/ha) with three replications. The results revealed that genotype JB-07-15 recorded 19.3, 24.3 and 24.3% higher green forage yield (GFY), dry matter yield (DMY) and crude protein yield (CPY), respectively than national check and 24.0, 25.9 and 25.8% higher GFY, DMY and CPY, respectively than zonal check. Similarly, application of 100 kg P₂O₅/ha recorded 8.9, 17.5 and 20.3% higher GFY, DMY and CPY, respectively than application of 60 kg P₂O₅/ha. Among genotypes, JB-07-15 had the highest partial factor productivity of P fertilizer (PFPP) in term of GFY (600.4 kg GFY/kg P₂O₅ applied) and DMY (87.8 kg DMY/kg P₂O₅ applied) while application of lower dose of P (60 kg P₂O₅/ha) recorded the highest respective PFPPs (661.3 kg GFY/kg P₂O₅ applied and 92.4 kg DMY/kg P₂O₅ applied). Among genotypes, the highest net return (Rs. 68543/ha) and BC ratio (2.45) was achieved with genotype JB-07-15. Among P levels, application of the highest dose (100 kg P₂O₅/ha) registered the highest net return (Rs. 59681/ha) and BC ratio (2.24). The calculated agronomic maximum and economic optimum dose of P₂O₅ was found to be 104.3 kg and 99.3 kg/ha, respectively.

Key words: Berseem, P levels, forage yield, profitability and phosphorus use efficiency

387-391

SATPAL*, N. KHAROR, B. L. SHARMA1, SARITA DEVI, K. K. BHARDWAJ AND NEELAM
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding (Forage Section), Department of Botany & Plant Physiology,
Department of Soil Science, 4Department of Agronomy
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : berkesia.neelam@gmail.com)
(Received : 8 December 2022; Accepted : 26 December 2022)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of four graded levels of nitrogen (40, 80, 120 and 160 kg/ha) on yield, quality and economics of four fodder maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes (J-1006, African Tall, COHM-8 and PFM-12) at Hisar (Haryana), India during kharif (rainy) season of 2021 using factorial RBD design with three replications. Results revealed that check entry ‘J-1006’ and test entry ‘PFM-12’ with identical green and dry fodder yields i.e. 397.68 and 106.49 t/ha (mean) have excelled other two checks African Tall and COHM-8 by 8 & 14 and 11 & 11 per cent, respectively and are promising from crude protein, digestible dry matter yield and net income wise also. Check cultivar “African Tall’ that fared good for fodder yield but better from quality point of view; however, was most efficient from dry fodder yields/ kg N-P-K uptake. High fodder producing genotypes (J-
1006 and PFM-12) are more depletive of soil nutrients. Among N levels, significant improvement was seen in leaf to stem ratio values from 40 kg N to 80 kg N and further 80 kg N to 120 kg N/ha but no significant increase was observed from 120 to 160 kg N/ha. It is concluded that fodder maize genotypes J-1006 and PFM-12 are promising and application of 120 kg N/ha was recommended for higher fodder yield, quality and income.

Key words: Fodder maize, genotypes, nitrogen levels, fodder yield, crude protein and IVDMD

392-395

RAKRITI DHAKA*, SRIDEVI TALLAPRAGADA, SARITA DEVI, SATPAL, PANKAJ AND B. K. DHAKA
Department of Botany & Plant Physiology
Forage Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : dhaka1109prakriti@gmail.com)
(Received : 15 December 2022; Accepted : 30 December 2022)

SUMMARY

In contemporary era, salinization of soil is one of the challenging environmental concerns all over the world. Excessive salt adversely affects the productivity of agricultural crops in terms of quality and quantity of produce. Sorghum also known as jowar, is the fifth key crop among cereals, have a number of medicinal properties for human beings. Sorghum being comparatively tolerant to salinity; however its growth is also negatively affected by salinity by altering physiological and biochemical processes and elevating ROS-caused oxidative stress. Understanding responses of sorghum against salinity would be therefore helpful in adopting appropriate procedure to increase its productivity in stressed conditions. Salinity adversely affects all the growth-related traits like plant weight, fodder yield etc. Enormous strategies can be taken into account to alleviate salt stress in sorghum crop and one of these methods is the application of plant stress hormones like ABA, Brassinosteroids, Jasmonates etc. In response to various abiotic and biotic stresses jasmonic acid accumulates rapidly and transiently. Foliar application of jasmonic acid improve plant morphological characters, enhances vegetative growth by increasing fresh and dry weight under salt stress. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of exogenous application of 4.5, 6.5 and 8.5 mM Jasmonic acid (JA), an endogenous plant growth regulator, on mitigation of oxidative and osmotic stresses caused by various levels of NaCl (control, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1) in sorghum genotypes (HJ 541 and CSV 21F). Salt stress negatively affected sorghum growth from the aspect of fresh weight of different plant parts and plant biomass. While, jasmonic acid helped sorghum to overcome the negative influence of salt stress to some extent, application of 8.5 mM of jasmonic acid proved most efficient at all levels of salinity in both the genotypes. CSV 21F performed better as compare to HJ 541 at all levels of salt stress under the influence of different spray of jasmonic acid.

Key words: Salinity stress, jasmonic acid, sorghum, fresh weight, dry weight

396-400

RITU BHALL, BAJRANG LAL SHARMA, SUNITA YADAV, KAPIL AND JYOTHSANA CHAUCHAN
Department of Entomology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
Forage Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding,
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : ritubhall@hau.ac.in)
(Received : 8 November 2022; Accepted : 24 December 2022)

SUMMARY

Forty genotypes of sorghum were evaluated against shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rondani during Kharif, 2020 at forage section Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar. Based on seedling vigor, leaf glossiness, plant height, number of eggs and percent dead heart, five genotypes viz., IC-305927, HJ-541, HC-308, HC-136 and CSV-44F were categorized as highly resistant, and five as highly susceptible viz., IS-9543, IC-352261, IS-11393, IS-6286 and IS-3023, whereas the remaining were categorized as moderately resistant. Correlation between the number of eggs and per cent dead hearts
with plant stand, plant height, leaf glossiness and seedling vigor revealed that resistant genotypes were
glossier with good seedling vigor, good plant height and showed maximum plant stand.

Key words: Atherigona soccata, correlation, dead heart, screening

401-406

PANKAJ YADAV*, VINOD KUMAR MALIK1, SARITA AND PREETI VASHISHT
Department of Plant Pathology,
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : raopankaj000@gmail.com)
(Received : 31 July 2022; Accepted : 04 August 2022)

SUMMARY

The incidence of pearl millet blast has increased tremendously and being noticed over the varieties and commercially grown hybrids in the pearl millet growing regions of the country. Pearl millet blast has emerged as a very serious threat to the production of pearl millet fodder and grain in the changing climate resulting economic losses to the growers. To know the incidence and severity of the disease a survey was carried out during kharif season 2020-21 and 2021-22 in major pearl millet growing districts of Haryana viz., Bhiwani, Mahendragarh, Rewari, Hisar, Charkhi Dadri, Gurugram,
Jhajjar and Nuh. The results of survey reveals that the maximum mean disease incidence was recorded in Bhiwani district (71.92 %) followed by Mahendragarh (67.1 %), Hisar (57.88 %), Charkhi Dadri (53.92 %), Rewari (53.35 %) and Jhajjar (50.35 %) while the minimum disease incidence (38.74%) was recorded in Nuh district. The disease severity was ranged from 30.04 % to 56.36 % in year 2020-21 whereas, it was ranged 34.93 % to 60.01 % in 2021-22 this might be due to the more favourable environmental conditions as there were more rainfall and humidity in year 2021-22.

Key words: Pearl millet, blast, fodder, grain, disease incidence, severity

407-411

PREETI SIHAN, ASHOK KUMAR*, NEELAM KUMARI, RAJESH KUMAR AND ANIL KUMAR
Department of Extension Education,
Department of Agricultural Economics, Directorate of Extension Education, KVK Yamuna Nagar
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : growerashok@gmail.com)
(Received : 1 November 2022; Accepted : 25 December 2022)

SUMMARY

Rice straw is a cheap source of fodder for animals like buffaloes, cattle, sheep and goats etc. Rice farming produces several by-products, such as rice straws and rice chaffs, which are suitable feed materials for dairy farming. Fodder plays an important role in economizing the cost of
production of livestock products especially of milk. Feeds and fodder constitute about 60-70 percent of total cost in dairy farming. The present research was conducted in Sonipat and Karnal districts of Haryana state. Two blocks were selected randomly from each selected district i.e. Sonipat, Rai, Karnal and Nilokheri. Thirty farmers from each block were selected randomly for the research, possessing a total sample of 120 respondents. The research revealed that majority of the farmers were associated to middle age category and majority of the farmers were educated up to matriculation. Majority were engaged in farming used both submersible pump and canal as source of irrigation. Most of the farmers had medium socio-economic status, farm implements, mass media exposure, and extension contact. A high percentage of respondents expressed other constraints like high cost of labour about paddy straw management techniques and high transport cost. Among the technical guidance constraints, required machinery is not available in the village or on rent for PSMT was at the top followed by lack of demonstration and trial of latest implement for straw management. As regarding marketing constraints i.e. ‘low price of paddy straw’ were very serious with rank Ist and faced by 88.33 per cent of the respondents followed by lack of guidance for proper marketing’, ‘lack
of transportation facility’ and ‘lack of storage facility’ with rank IInd, IIIrd and IVth respectively.

Key words: Constraints, machinery, cost, straw management, labour cost

412-415