SANDEEP, RUBY GARG*, JITENDER AND BISHAN SINGH
Department of Agronomy and Department of Entomology
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : ragrihau@gmail.com)
(Received : 31 October 2022: Accepted : 31 December 2022)

SUMMARY

Organic farming is becoming increasingly popular in modern agriculture. It is implemented using a mix of environmentally friendly, modern technologies that are acceptable to farmers. Organic manures, such as farm yard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), and others, play a significant role in
nutrient recycling in the soil. Organic nutrients boost soil production through improving the physical,
chemical, and biological aspects of the soil. These sources also boost crop yields and quality of produce
by acting as a source of both macro and micro nutrients required to plants. These sources of nutrition
help us to provide a better sustainable environment for agriculture to our future generations.

Key words: FYM, Jeevamrit, Beejamrit poultry manure

417-419

MEGHA VERMA, GULAB PANDOVE* AND ANUREET KAUR
Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141001 (Punjab), India
School of Organic Farming, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141001 (Punjab), India
Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bathinda-151001 (Punjab), India
*(e-mail : gpandove@pau.edu)
(Received : 27 November 2022: Accepted : 30 March 2023)

SUMMARY

Global increase in human population poses a major threat to livestock as the area for the cultivation of fodder crop is shrinking over the time. In addition, biotic and abiotic stresses are other main barriers to the fodder crop yield, quality and global food security for the livestock. For the higher productivity of livestock products such as milk, meat and wool, it is necessary to provide green fodder in ample quantity and quality. It leads to indiscriminate use of agrochemicals for enhanced productivity. Plant Growth Promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)/microbial inoculants can play pertinent role to counteract the detrimental environmental impacts exerted by chemical fertilizers and other agrochemicals. PGPR are the living micro-organisms which colonizes the rhizosphere and promotes growth by increasing the availability and supply of nutrients by multifarious methods such as biological nitrogen fixation, siderophore production, phosphate solubilization and phytohormone production. Likewise, PGPR releases their metabolites directly or indirectly into the soil, thus improves the soil fertility and sustainability. The potential of PGPR has gained momentum during the last few decades as these can be used in integrated manner to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and thereby helping to fulfil the demand of fodder crop in environmental, economical and climate resilient manner. The aim of this review is to discuss the important mechanisms and deliberate the prospects of using PGPR in fodder production.

Key words: Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Microbial Inoculants, Livestock, Fodder, Integrated Nutrient Management

420-429

AMRUTHA V AUDIPUDI, THULASI BAI VADITHE, AVINASH SINGODE, USHA T. N, NILAMANI DIKSHIT,  MALATHI M. V, SAIDA N. V, VENKATESWARLU. R, SRINIVASAN R AND SEVA  NAYAK  DHEERAVATHU*
Department of Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh), India
ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), India
Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and
Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga (Karnataka), India
ICAR-Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh), India
ANGRAU-Agricultural Research Station, Jangameswarapuram, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh), India
*(e-mail : sevanayak2005@gmail.com)
(Received : 12 March 2023: Accepted : 28 March 2023)

SUMMARY

Millets are nutrient-dense staple crop grown in a wide range of agro-ecological conditions, including plains, coasts, and hilly regions, throughout the semiarid tropics of Asia and Africa. Millets are a potential agricultural crop with several uses, including food, feed, fodder, and raw materials for the brewing and biofuel industries. Climate resilience and the rising demand for nutrient-dense food, feed and hay have given them a remarkable importance in agriculture. Salinity stress severely hinders the growth and development of crop plants. Salinity affects over 20% of the world’s irrigated land, which lowers agricultural output by 20%. Therefore, it is necessary to develop salinity tolerance in the major forage and nutri-cereal crops for sustainable global food, nutritional, biofuel and fodder security.

Key words: Forage crops, millets, salt-overly-sensitive (SOS3)

430-434

LOKESH YADAV, ASHWANI KUMAR*, NARESH KUMAR YADAV, RAKESH PUNIA AND POONAM YADAV
Department of Plant Pathology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004 (Haryana), India
Department of Plant Pathology, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology,
Udaipur-313001, (Rajasthan), India
*(e-mail : dahiya.ashwani@gmail.com)
(Received : 28 December 2022; Accepted : 29 March 2023)

SUMMARY

Maize (Zea mays L.) is important forage and cereal crop in world and occupies third position in India after rice and wheat (Kale and Takawale, 2019). It has extensive versatility and grown under different climatic conditions. It is a C₄ crop and possessing highest yielding potential. Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) incited by Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii is highly responsible and serious impediment for quality fodder and grain production in maize. This pathogen has a very wide host range and affects the quality production of various crops including sorghum, rice, maize, pearl millet, finger millet, and sugarcane. The losses caused by this disease vary from 10 to 100 per cent in different maize cultivars. All plant parts are affected by this disease, starting from the foliage near ground level. Many attempts have been made to establish correlation between environmental conditions and epiphytotics of BLSB disease to manage it efficiently. Chemical fungicides are effective means to manage this disease but these chemical substances pose serious threats to living beings. For effective management of BLSB
there is a requirement of combined management practices. The studies on the history, economic impacts, distribution, symptoms and different management aspects of this pathogen covering these perspectives are discussed here under.

Key words: Banded leaf and sheath blight, disease management, maize, yield

435-444

NARESH, K. D. SEHRAWAT AND YOGENDER KUMAR
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding,
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : krishanssehrawat@gmail.com)
(Received : 27 February 2023: Accepted : 28 March 2023)

SUMMARY

In any efficient plant breeding programme for an effective selection of economically plant species, genetic variability plays a pivotal role and an imperative survey of it leads to develop high yielding varieties. The present investigation was carried out during rabi 2018-19 at Barley research area, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana. The experiment was conducted to evaluate 45 genotypes of barley and six checks in an Augmented Design. The analysis of variance showed significant differences among experimental material for all traits. High PCV along with high GCV were observed for the characters such as peroxidase, grain yield per plot, biological yield per plot. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for the traits namely peroxidase, dehydrogenase, number of grains per spike, spike length, number of effective tillers per meter, harvest index and grain yield per plot. Grain yield per plot discerned significant correlation with number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, biological yield per plot, harvest index and dehydrogenase. Path coefficient analysis revealed maximum direct effect on grain yield per plot employed by biological yield per plot followed by harvest index. The combined study of correlation and path coefficients indicated to the characters namely, biological yield per plot, 1000 grain weight, harvest index and dehydrogenase were the major yield attributing traits.

Key words: Barley, correlation, genetic variability, path analysis

445-452

KONDAGARI HEMALATHA*, S. K. BILLAIYA, DUDDUKUR RAJASEKHAR, PUSHPENDRA SINGH YADAV
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics1,2, Department of Agronomy
Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidhyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Central Agriculture University, Umaim, Meghalaya
*(e-mail : hemalathakondagari123@gmail.com)
(Received : 01 February 2023: Accepted : 24 February 2023)

SUMMARY

The present Research was conducted in Livestock Farm, All India Coordinated Research Project on Forage Crop (AICRP), Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, JNKVV, Jabalpur,
Madhya Pradesh, India during Rabi season in 2021. This experiment was conducted on 16 0at genotypes for the identification of morphological traits. The observations were recorded in three randomly selected genotypes of each replication for 9 different characters by using the guideline of distinctiveness, uniformity, and stability. The morphological traits of data were recorded on different genotypes of oat traits like Plant growth habit, Lowest leaves of hairiness of sheaths, Leaf blade- hairiness of margins of leaf below flag leaf, Time of panicle emergence, Stem hairiness of uppermost node, Panicle orientation of branches, Ligule shape, Plant length (cm), Panicle length (cm). The information on genotypic characterization plays a major role in the agronomical and morphological traits for the maintenance of genotypes in gene banks. The maximum number of erect plant growth habits (10) followed by weak leaves sheath hairiness (6), Strong leaf blade hairiness (7), medium time of panicle emergence (10), weak stem hairiness of uppermost node (6), erect type of panicle orientation of branches (6), unilateral type of panicle orientation of branches (6), Broad edged Ligule shape (9), medium plant length (6), long panicle length (6).

Key words: Oats, Morphological characterization, DUS guideline

453-456

ASHA YADAV, M. S. DALAL, MANUJ SAINI*, DEV VART, SONU LANGAYA AND KIRAN
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : doc.manujsaini@hau.ac.in)
(Received : 07 March 2023: Accepted : 27 March 2023)

SUMMARY

An investigation was carried out for eight morphological parameters to assess the character association in forty pearl millet germplasm lines. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that 1000 grain weight (g), dry fodder yield per plant (g), plant height (cm), panicle length (cm) and productive tillers (no.). Path coefficients analysis revealed that dry fodder yield per plant (g), productive tillers (no.), panicle length (cm) and 1000 grain weight (g) had high direct contribution towards grain yield
per plant, whereas indirect effects of independent traits indicated that plant height (cm), productive tillers (no.), panicle length (cm) and panicle diameter (cm) exhibited high contribution towards grain yield. Hence, it would be rewarding to lay stress on these characters in selection programme for increasing yield.

Key words: Pearl millet, phenotypic correlation, genotypic correlation, path analysis

457-462

S. D. BHORADE, S. V. DAMAME* AND V. B. SHINDE
AICRP on Forage Crops and Utilization
Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri-413 722 (M. S.), India
*(e-mail: shivajidamame@gmail.com)
(Received : 29 October 2022: Accepted : 20 February 2023)

SUMMARY

The present experiment was carried out to evaluate the proximate composition and fodder quality of various grasses and legumes at different growth stages. Among the four grasses evaluated for proximate principles, Marvel recorded the highest per cent, nitrogen free extract, ether extract, total minerals and the lowest crude fibre content. It also recorded the highest per cent dry matter, in vitro dry matter digestibility, Ca, Mg and Zn with the lowest, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and lignin content. Madras anjan grass recorded the highest crude protein content. Among the four legumes evaluated Stylosanthus seabrana recorded the highest per cent crude protein, nitrogen free extract and ether extract with lowest crude fibre content. It also recorded highest per cent dry matter, in vitro dry
matter digestibility, Ca, Mg and Zn with the lowest neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and lignin. Ran mung or Siratro was the highest in total minerals than other legumes. As regard to growth stages, the per cent dry matter, crude fibre, ether extract, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and lignin in grasses as well as legumes were increased with the advancement of growth stages. The crude protein, total minerals, Ca, Mg and Zn and in vitro dry matter digestibility were declined with advancement of growth stages. Among the growth stages studied, forage quality of all fodder grasses and legumes at pre flowering stage was much higher, followed by 50 per cent and post flowering stages.

Key words: Forage grasses and legumes, proximate composition, growth stages

463-469

GANGADHAR NANDA*, NILANJAYA AND A. K. S. YADAV
AICRP on Forage Crops and Utilization,
PG College of Agriculture, RPCAU, Pusa-818425 (Bihar), India
*(email : gnanda@rpcau.ac.in)
(Received : 13 May 2022: Accepted : 10 January 2023)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was carried out at AICRP on Forage Crops and Utilization, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa during Kharif season, 2020 to study the response of forage cowpea genotypes to phosphorus (P) levels. The experiment was conducted in factorial randomized
block design with four forage cowpea genotypes and three P levels (30, 60 and 90 kg P₂O₅/ha) with three replications. The results revealed that genotype Bundel Lobia-1 recorded 11.26, 36.18 and 66.66% higher green forage yield (GFY), dry matter yield (DMY) and crud protein yield (CPY), respectively than UPC 628. Similarly, application of 90 kg P₂O₅/ha recorded 8.99, 17.96 and 26.04% higher GFY, DMY and CPY, respectively than application of 30 kg P2O5/ha. Among genotypes, significantly higher net return (Rs. 12269 /ha) and B:C ratio (1.52) was registered with genotype Bundel Lobia-1. Among P levels, application of 60 kg P₂O₅/ha registered the highest net return (Rs. 10430/ha) while application of 30 kg P₂O₅/ha resulted in the highest B:C ratio (1.45).

Key words: Cowpea, Phosphorus level, Green fodder yield, Crude protein, Economics

470-473

S. J. VAGHELA*, R. A. GAMI1, J. K. PATEL AND R. N. PATEL
Centre for Millets Research, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Deesa-385 535 (Gujarat), India
Potato Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Deesa-385 535 (Gujarat), India
*(e-mail : sjagron@sdau.edu.in)
(Received : 24 October 2022; Accepted : 15 January 2023)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted at Centre for Millets Research, SDAU, Deesa during kharif-2018 with four single cut forage sorghum genotypes (CSV 21F, CSV 30F, SPV 2445 and SPV
2316) grown at three fertility levels {75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 100% RDF (80 kg N
+ 40 kg P₂O₅ ha-1) and 125% RDF}. Results showed that application of 75% RDF markedly increased growth parameter plant height while 100 % RDF markedly increased yield attributes like stem
diameter, green and dry fodder yields, fodder productivity and profit in single cut forage sorghum. Genotype SPV 2316 was promising as single cut forage sorghum under rain-fed environment of Northern Gujarat as it performed well in terms of growth, yields and productivity with higher remuneration than other genotypes.

Key words: Fertility levels, single-cut, forage sorghum, sorghum genotypes, green fodder yield, economics

474-476

RATNA PRAVA SAMAL, GANGADHAR NANDA*, MUKESH KUMAR AND ABDUS SATTAR
Department of Agronomy, PG College of Agriculture, RPCAU, Pusa-848125 (Bihar), India
Centre for Advanced Studies on Climate Change, RPCAU, Pusa-848125 (Bihar), India
*(e-mail : gnanda@rpcau.ac.in)
(Received : 10 March 2023: Accepted : 30 March 2023)

SUMMARY

Genotypes, environmental conditions and their interaction plays an important role for time needed to attain anthesis and thereby affect forage yield potential. Therefore, a field study was carried out in the Rabi season of 2021-22 at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa,
Samastipur, Bihar. The experiment was conducted using a split plot design with three varieties (Kent,
JHO-822 and Local) in main-plots and four different sowing dates (15_th November, 25_th November, 5_th December and 15_th December) in sub-plots with three replications. The results obtained from the experiment showed that JHO-822 recorded 9.4 and 29.6% higher green and dry fodder yield than local variety. The highest N, P and K uptake, crude protein yield and economic parameters like net return and B: C ratio was noted with JHO-822. Among, the different sowing dates, 15_th November recorded the highest green and dry fodder yield and N and K uptake. With advancement of sowing dates, crude
protein content and ash content increased but for crude protein yield and ash yield it was just the
reverse. Fodder oat sown on 15th November recorded the maximum net return and B: C ratio.

Key words: Fodder oat, date of sowing, productivity, economics, quality

477-481

NAVEEN KUMAR,*, SATPAL, NEERAJ KHAROR AND SUMIT BHARDWAJ
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding (Forage Section)
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004, Haryana (India)
*(e-mail : nknaveenroyal@gmail.com)
(Received : 1 March 2023; Accepted : 30 march, 2023)

SUMMARY

A field study was carried out during rabi season, 2019-20 at Forage Section Research Farm Department of G&PB, CCSHAU, Hisar to in order to assess the effect of different nitrogen (N) levels on forage yield and quality of promising entries of single cut oat. The experiment included 32 treatment combinations including eight promising entries of single cut fodder oats (Five entries i.e. JO-05-09, HFO- 529, HFO-718, SKO-240, OL-1896 + 2 national checks i.e., Kent and OS-6 + 1 zonal check i.e. RO-11-1 (North West Zone) and four nitrogen doses (30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N/ha). Findings revealed that entry SKO-240 had the highest growth characteristics, green fodder and dry matter yield. The highest crude protein content (9.28 %) was found with HFO-718 which was significantly higher than all other except RO-11-1, HFO-529 and Kent, whereas crude protein yield was not influenced sign ificantly by different entries. Maximum net returns (61635 Rs/ha) and B: C (2.67) was fetched with entry SKO-240 followed by Kent and HFO-529. Among different nitrogen treatments, 120 kg N/ha level gave highest values for growth parameters, dry matter and green fodder yield. Moreover, 120 kg N/ha level was found to have the greatest crude protein yield and content (9.41 % and 16.68 q/ha respectively), both of which were statistically at par to 90 kg N/ha. With 120 kg N/ha level, the highest net returns and B: C ratio were obtained, followed by lower levels of nitrogen.

Key words: Single cut, oat, entries, fodder, nitrogen levels, crude protein

482-486

R. K. MUTTAPPANAVAR* AND B. G. SHEKARA
*Ph.D. Research Scholar, Dept. of Agronomy, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru (Karnataka), India
Professor and Head, AICRP on Forage Crops Utilization, ZARS, V. C. Farm, Mandya (Karnataka), India
*(e-mail: roopakm6813@gmail.com)
(Received : 23 November 2022; Accepted : 20 December 2022)

SUMMARY

A filed experiment was carried out at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Vishweshwaraiah Canal Farm, Mandya, Karnataka during 2020-21 and 2021-22 to identify the planting geometry,
nutrients requirement and its application in hedge lucerne for higher green forage yield and quality
under irrigated condition. The experiment consisted 18 treatment combinations viz., two planting
geometry as main plots, three nutrient levels as sub plots and three time of nutrient (N:P2O5:K2O kg/ha)
application as sub-sub plots and laid out in split-split plot design with three replication. The pooled data
revealed that, 45 cm row spacing recorded significantly higher green fodder, dry matter, crude protein
and total digestible crude protein yield (844.7, 167.2 33.4 and 31.7 q/ha/year, respectively). Among
nutrient levels, application of 50:100:50 :: N:P₂O₅:K₂O kg/ha registered higher green fodder, dry matter, crude protein and total digestible crude protein yield (853.7, 169.1, 34.0 and 32.3 q/ha/year, respectively) and found on par with application of 37.5:75:37.5 :: N:P₂O₅:K₂O kg/ha. The nutrient application in four splits recorded significantly higher green fodder, dry matter, crude protein and total digestible crude protein yield (840.8, 166.3, 33.3 and 31.6 q/ha/year, respectively) which was at par with three split applications on pooled basis.

Key words: Hedge lucerne, agro-techniques, growth and yield of fodder, fodder quality

487-493

KANAPARTHI TWINKLE * AND UMESHA C.
Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U. P.), India
*(e-mail: twinkle.kanaparthi99@gmail.com)
(Received : 20 March 2023: Accepted : 30 March 2023)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.) India to study the response organic and inorganic nitrogen management on growth and fodder yield of M.P Chari. The experiment was laid out in randomized
block design with ten treatments which are replicated thrice on the basis of one year experimentation. The treatments consist of FYM at 2,4,6 t/ha respectively and N at 40,60 and 80 kg/ha and a control. Results revealed that the higher plant height (216.38 cm),plant dry weight (58.85 g/plant), number of leaves/plant (15.20),crop growth rate (60.8), green fodder (61.29 t/ha) yield were significantly influenced with FYM 4 t/ha along with 80 N kg/ha. Higher gross return (INR 1,01,134/ha), net return (INR71,698/ha) and B:C ratio (2.44) were also recorded with application of FYM 4 t/ha along with 80 N kg/ha.

Key words: Sorghum, organic fertilizers, nitrogen, growth parameters, green fodder yield and economics

494-497

NARENDER SINGH AND M. C. KAMBOJ*
CCS HAU, Regional Research Station, Karnal-132001 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail: bagri.narender@hau.ac.in)
(Received : 5 January 2023; Accepted : 28 March 2023)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted on effect of date of sowing on growth and grain yield of spring maize at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research station, Karnal during the year 2015, 2016 and 2017. Seven maize hybrids namely HQPM 1, HQPM 4, HQPM 5, HM 9, HM10, HM 11 and HM 12 were tested and kept in main plots with combination of five sowing dates viz., last week of January, first week of February, second week of February, third week of February and fourth week of February were kept in sub plots which were replicated thrice. The results of the trial revealed that maximum grain yield was obtained with sowing during first week of February (86.4 q/ha) followed by last week of January (82.7) and second week of February (80.9. Similar trend was observed for B: C ratio. The maximum B: C ratio was found with sowing was done during first week of February (1.9) followed by last week of January (1.8) and second week of February (1.8). Among different maize hybrids, HM 10 gave maximum grain yield (82.9 q/ha) which was significantly higher than other hybrids except HM 11(81.0 q/ha) and HQPM 4 (79.8 q/ha).

Key words: Spring maize, sowing date, hybrids, grain yield, economics

498-501