ANIL KUMAR*, C. S. DAGAR, ANURAG AND M. L. KHICHAR
Department of Agricultural Meteorology
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail: anilmeteo@gmail.com)
(Received: 19 July 2025; Accepted: 22 August 2025)
SUMMARY
The phenological development of Barley is critical for optimizing growing strategies and varietal environmental influenced under variable growing environments climatic conditions. The experiment was carried out with split plot design in 2023-24 (Rabi/winter season). A field study during the 2023–24 crop season was evaluated the impact of different growing environments (with interval of time as popularly known as “sowing dates” sown crop which influenced by different prevailing environments and weather parameters, respectively) and varieties on the phenological stages of Barley. The main aim to study the effect of weather on phenological development and photosynthetic active radiation balance in relation to leaf area index and dry matter production in Barley. Evaluated the weather relationship under different growing environments was directly influenced the growth and development in Barley. Observations revealed distinct shifts in key growth stages including emergence, crown root initiation (CRI), tillering, jointing, booting, anthesis, milking, dough, and physiological maturity. The D1 sowing treatment recorded the longest duration to maturity (135 days), while D4 matured fastest (103 days). Among varieties, BH 902 exhibited extended durations across all phenophases, reaching physiological maturity at 120 days, whereas BH 393 matured quickest. PAR-Radiation absorption increased significantly from tillering to maturity. The highest PAR absorption was observed at the booting stage, corresponding to the maximum leaf area index (LAI). At this stage, treatment D1 recorded the highest absorption (95%), followed by D2 (94%), D3 (93%), and D4 (92%). Observational analyzed results highlight the crop’s vulnerability to wind speed, dewfall, and leaf wetness during critical phenological stages. Among the varieties, BH 902 and BH 885 showed the highest PAR absorption (94%), followed by BH 393 (93%), with BH 946 recording the lowest absorption (92%).
Key words: Barley phenology, growing environments, weather-relation, phenotypic variation (phenophases), physiological maturity, BH 902, BH 393