MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS FOR SELECTION OF DIVERSE GENOTYPES
IN PEARL MILLET GERMPLASM
RAMESH KUMAR, URMIL VERMA, VIRENDER MALIK AND DEV VART
Bajra Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding
CCS Haryana Agricultural University
Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : vermas21@hotmail.com)
(Received : 4 August 2015; Accepted : 25 September 2015)

SUMMARY

The focus of this work has been to study the genetic divergence among the pearl millet germplasm and grouping them into different clusters based on yield and yield contributing traits for the hybridization programme. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the higher loading displaying variables on first four PCs were : plant height, ear diameter, number of effective tillers/plant and days to 50 per cent flowering. Genetic divergence analysis was performed on the basis of discriminant analysis using Mahalanobi’s D2-statistics. Based on the relative magnitude of D2-values, 97 genotypes of pearl millet were grouped into six clusters and plant height, ear diameter and grain yield were found the best discriminatory characters for better selection of diverse genotypes.

Key words:Genetic diversity, principal component, cluster distance, D2-value, cluster mean

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COMBINING ABILITY STUDIES IN PEARL MILLET [PENNISETUM
GLAUCUM (L.) R. BR.]
R. BHARDWAJ, M. KAUR, R. S. SOHU AND D. P. SINGH
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics
Punjab Agricultural University
Ludhiana-141 004 (Punjab), India
*(e-mail : ruchipau@gmail.com)
(Received : 10 September 2015; Accepted : 15 September 2015)

SUMMARY

Combining ability and heterosis estimates were worked out through line x tester analysis of 40 hybrids developed by crossing 10 pearl millet lines as males with four cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines as females. Preponderance of non-additive gene effects was realized by higher values of specific combining ability (sca) compared to general combining ability (gca), ratio of variances of gca to sca for all the traits studied except for dry fodder yield. The estimates of gca effects indicated that PB 543A and PIB 258 were good general combiners for grain yield among the female and male parents, respectively. Cross combinations PB 543A x PIB 145, PB 543A x PIB 141 and PB 409A x PIB 141 were found to be the best specific combinations for grain yield. For grain yield, maximum MPH and BPH was observed by the cross PB 543A x PIB 136.

Key words:Pearl millet, line x tester, heterosis, grain yield

78-84

VARIABILITY AND CAUSE EFFECT ANALYSIS FOR FODDER AND
GRAIN YIELD CHARACTERS IN OAT (AVENA SATIVA L.)
GENOTYPES
D. T. SURJE, SWARNAJIT DEB BARMA, S. B. SATPUTE1, V. A. KALE, APARAJITA DAS AND D. K. DE2
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding
Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya,
Pundibari, Cooch Behar-736 165 (West Bengal), India
*(e-mail : dinosurje@gmail.com)
(Received : 17 April 2015; Accepted : 27 July 2015)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted at the Central Research Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi
Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal during 2009-10 to estimate the mean performance of yield and other morpho-physiological characters and also to determine their effects (direct and indirect) towards yield (fodder and grain yield). Considering green forage yield, and dry matter yield, it was observed that the genotype NOD-609 produced the highest and significantly higher mean for both the characters. However, considering the mean values for different characters of cut and uncut management of oat genotype Kent and JHO-99-2 had highest total grain yield per plant and number of grains per panicle. Path analysis was carried out considering grain yield as the dependent variable. Chlorophyll ‘b’ content showed highest positive direct effect towards grain yield where one cut was practised at 55 days of the crop which was followed by chlorophyll ‘a’ content, number of grains per panicle, crude protein (%), length of panicle, tiller number per plant and weight of flag leaf. But when no cut was practised, characters like number of grains per panicle, green forage yield per plant, total chlorophyll content, tiller number per plant, number of spikelets per panicle, 100-seed weight and length of panicle had direct effect towards grain yield.

Key words:Variability, path analysis, fodder, oat, yield

85-91

FODDER PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF MAIZE GROWN FOR BABY
CORN AND GREEN COB IN DIFFERENT CROPPING SYSTEMS
B. G. SHEKARA, H. C. LOHITHASWA, N. M. CHIKKARUGI AND N. MANASA
AICRP on Forage Crops, Zonal Agricultural Research Station
V. C. Farm, Mandya-571 405, University of Agricultural Sciences,
Bangalore (Karnataka), India
*(e-mail : bgshekara66@gmail.com)
(Received : 14 July 2015; Accepted : 23 September 2015)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted during kharif seasons of 2007, 2008 and 2009 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Vishweswaraiah Canal Farm, Mandya (Karnataka) to study fodder production potential of maize grown for different purposes. The experiment was consisted of 10 treatment combinations of different maize-based cropping systems viz., T1-Napier bajra hybrid (round the year)- Lucerne, T2-Baby corn+cowpea (F)+Baby corn+cowpea (F)-Baby corn+cowpea (F), T3-Baby corn+cowpea (F)-Lucerne (F), T4-Baby corn+cowpea (F)-oats (F)- Baby corn+cowpea (F), T5-Baby corn+cowpea (F)- oats (F)-maize (F)+cowpea (F), T6-Green cob+cowpea (F)-Green cob+cowpea (F)-Green cob+cowpea (F), T7-Green cob+cowpea (F)-lucerne (F), T8-Green cob+cowpea (F)-oats (F)-Green cob+cowpea (F), T9- Green cob+cowpea (F)-oats (F)-maize (F)+cowpea (F) and T10-Sunflower cowpea (seed)+maize(F)+cowpea (F). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. The pooled data of three years revealed that Napier Bajra Hybrid+cowpea (kharif)-lucerne (rabi) recorded higher green forage yield (1488.30 q/ha/year), dry matter yield (330.30 q/ha/year) and crude protein yield (30.0 q/ ha) and cultivation of maize for green cob+cowpea (fodder) round the year recorded higher net monetary returns (Rs. 1,58,715/ha/year).

Key words:Baby corn, green cob, green forage yield, dry matter yield, crude protein yield

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STUDIES ON ESP AND NITROGEN LEVELS AND THEIR INTERACTION
EFFECT ON FORAGE SORGHUM YIELD, PROTEIN AND
NUTRIENT UPTAKE
NIRANJAN SINGH AND S. K. SHARMA
Department of Soil Science
CCS Haryana Agricultural University
Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : nnirajan1234@rediffmail.com)
(Received : 25 July 2015; Accepted : 23 September 2015)

SUMMARY

The present investigation was carried out in the Department of Soil Science, CCSHAU, Hisar during kharif season in screen house. The experiment was conducted on four ESP levels (control, 15, 30 and 45) soil and four N levels (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha) indicated that overall dry matter yield of forage sorghum decreased with increasing ESP levels and increased with increasing N levels. The interaction effect of ESP levels and nitrogen levels on dry matter yield of forage sorghum was found significant. At highest level of ESP (45) the dry matter yield increased with the increasing nitrogen level in the tune of 12.30, 21.91 and 34.40 per cent as compared to N control at 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha, respectively. The plant height and protein content in sorghum decreased with increasing ESP levels and increased with increasing N levels. The overall uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na and S by forage sorghum crop decreased with increasing ESP levels and increased with increasing N levels. A significant interactive effect of ESP and N levels on nutrient uptake by sorghum crop was observed. The overall uptake of micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe) by forage sorghum crop decreased with increasing ESP levels and increased with increasing N levels. A significant interaction effect of ESP and N levels on micronutrients uptake by sorghum crop was observed. The soil pH decreased at harvest of sorghum irrespective of ESP levels, whereas no clear trend was observed on the soil EC. The water soluble calcium increased slightly in post-harvest soil samples as compared to initial calcium status. Exchangeable Na content in the soil increased with the increasing ESP levels. The exchangeable Na content was higher in initial soil samples as compared to post-harvest soil samples.

Key words:ESP, nitrogen, nutrients uptake, dry matter yield, protein content, sorghum

95-103

EFFECT OF NITROGEN LEVELS AND TIME OF APPLICATION ON
GROWTH, YIELD, QUALITY, NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS
CONTENT AND UPTAKE FOR SEED PRODUCTION
OF OAT (AVENA SATIVA L.)
R. V. JOSHI, B. J. PATEL AND K. M. PATEL
Department of Agronomy
S. D. Agricultural University,
Sardarkrushinagar-385 506 (Gujarat), India
*(e-mail : patelkunjal5@gmail.com)
(Received : 27 July 2015; Accepted : 25 September 2015)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2014 at Agronomy Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar to study the effect of nitrogen levels and time of application on seed production of oat (Avena sativa L.). The soil of experimental plot was loamy sand in texture with low in organic carbon and available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in potash having pH value of 7.8. Total nine treatment combinations comprising three levels of nitrogen viz., 60 kg N/ha (N1), 90 kg N/ha (N2) and 120 kg N/ha (N3) and three times of nitrogen application (T1 : Two equal splits at basal and 30 DAS, T2 : Three splits : 50% at basal, 25% each at 30 and 45 DAS and T3 : Three equal splits at basal, 30 and 45 DAS) with factorial concept laid out in four replications. The results revealed that the higher production of oat and net realization could be achieved with the application of 90 kg N/ha with three equal splits of N i. e. at basal, 30 and 45 DAS or three equal splits of N i. e. 50 per cent at basal, 25 per cent each at 30 and 45 DAS during rabi season in loamy sand soil of north Gujarat agro-climatic condition.

Key words:Oat, nitrogen levels, time of application

104-108

EFFECTS OF COMPACT FEED BLOCK ON QUANTITATIVE AND
QUALITATIVE PERFORMANCE OF LACTATING BUFFALOES-AN ON-FARM TRIAL STUDY
R. K. TIWARI, PANKAJ NAUTIYAL, GAURAV PAPNAI, MANISHA AND J. P. GUPTA
ICAR-Krishi Vigyan Kendra (ICAR-VPKAS)

Chinyalisaur-249 186, Uttarkashi (Uttarakhand), India
*(e-mail : ravindratiwari77@gmail.com)
(Received : 10 June 2015; Accepted : 29 August 2015)

SUMMARY

An on-farm trial (OFT) was conducted on 15 lactating buffaloes maintained at farmer’s field in the Sunargaon village of district Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand. The buffaloes were selected on the basis of similarity in age, body weight and milk yield. The buffaloes were randomly divided into three groups of five each. Control group (T1) was fed as per farmer’s practices (grazing+feeding of without chaffed hay of forest grass+1.0 kg of barnyard millet). Group T2 was fed T1+home made concentrate mixture (containing cereals-40%, cake 30%, cereals and other by-products 27%, mineral mixture 2% and iodized common salt 1%) @ 1.5 kg/buffalo/day for 90 days and T3 was fed T1+compact feed block (prepared by Uttarakhand Livestock Development Board, Dehradun) @ 4.0 kg/buffalo/day for 90 days. The proportion of roughage to concentrate in CFB was 70 : 30. The body weight of animals was calculated using Schaeffer’s formula before and after the trial. The milk yield of individual animal was recorded daily in the morning and evening. Milk samples were drawn fortnightly and analyzed for milk fat. Final milk yield was higher in group T3 (6.06 l/day) followed by T2 (5.40 l/day) over the T1 (3.48 l/day). There was higher lactometer reading in group T3 (31.3) followed by T2 (30.5) than in group T1 (28.3). Average fat content was higher in group T3 (7.30%) followed by T2 (7.11%) than in group T1 (6.95%). It was concluded that feeding of compact feed block improved milk yield and fat percentage in lactating buffaloes.

Key words:Compact feed block, lactating buffaloes, milk yield and fat per cent

109-112

ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC VARIABILITY AND INTERRELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN MALT YIELD AND SEED TRAITS IN TWO-ROWED AND
SIX-ROWED BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)
NIKETA YADAV, S. R. VERMA, R. P. SAHARAN, S. S. VERMA AND SATBEER SINGH
Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding
CCS Haryana Agricultural University
Hisar-125 004 (Haryana) India
*(e-mail : y.niketa@gmail.com)
(Received : 30 July 2015; Accepted : 25 September 2015)

SUMMARY

A total of 20 genotypes of two-rowed and six-rowed barley were used to study the genetic variability for different seed traits as well as their interrelationship with malt yield. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes regarding all the characters studied. Estimates of heritability, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability were found higher in electrical conductivity followed by accelerated ageing and standard germination. High genetic advance coupled with high heritability was also found for electrical conductivity, accelerated ageing and standard germination. In pooled association analysis, malt yield had positive and significant correlation with accelerated ageing and standard germination. However, in independent analysis of two-rowed barley, malt yield was found negatively and significantly correlated with seedling vigour and seedling length. Path analysis showed that accelerated ageing and standard germination had the highest direct effect on malt yield indicating the importance of these traits in selection and crop improvement
for malt yield.

Key words:Variability, association, path analysis, seed traits, malt yield, Hordeum vulgare

113-117

EFFECT OF CROP GEOMETRY AND DRIP IRRIGATION LEVELS ON
PEARL MILLET (PENNISETUM GLAUCUM)
S. R. BHUNIA, MOHD. ARIF, I. M. VERMA, K. BALAI, SHISHRAM DHIKHWAL AND N. C. SHARMA
College of Agriculture
S. K. Rajasthan Agricultural University
Bikaner-334 006 (Rajasthan), India
*(e-mail : srbhuniarau@gmail.com; **arifkhan.ag782@gmail.com)
(Received : 21 May 2015; Accepted : 13 September 2015)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2012 at Niche Area Excellence Farm, S. K.
Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner to study the effect of crop geometry and drip irrigation levels on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum). The treatments consisted of three drip irrigation schedules viz., 40, 60 and 80 per cent ETc, three crop geometry viz., normal sowing in 60 cm drip line spacing, paired row sowing at 120 cm drip line spacing and normal sowing at 120 cm drip line spacing and a control with surface irrigation in normal sowing. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design and replicated thrice. The study indicated that there was increase in yield attributes, seed, straw and biological yield with increase in irrigation levels from 40 to 80 per cent ETc and 60 and 80 per cent ETc gave at par yield but superior to surface irrigation. The study further revealed that highest water use efficiency was recorded with drip irrigated crop as compared to surface irrigated crop. Crop geometry also significantly influenced the seed yield, straw yield, biological yield and water use efficiency. Highest seed yield, straw yield, biological yield and water use efficiency were recorded with normal sown crop at 60 cm drip line spacing which was at par with paired row sown crop at 120 cm drip line spacing.

Key words:Drip irrigation, crop geometry, pearl millet, seed yield, water use efficiency

118-121

PERFORMANCE OF PROMISING ENTRIES OF OAT (AVENA SATIVA L.)
UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS
L. K. MIDHA, B. S. DUHAN AND S. ARYA
Department of Agronomy
CCS Haryana Agricultural University,
Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : dr.bsduhan@gmail.com)
(Received : 13 April 2015; Accepted : 30 July 2015)

SUMMARY

Field experiment was conducted to study the performance of promising entries of oat and effect of nitrogen levels on yield and yield parameters. Results obtained from this experiment indicated that the significant and highest plant height (129.4 cm) was recorded by variety SKO-188 over all varieties of oat. However, lowest plant height (90.8 cm) of oat plant was recorded by variety OS-377. Maximum tillers of oat per row length (83.5) were recorded by two varieties viz., JO-03-97 and SKO-188 over all other varieties UPO-10-1, OS-377, JHO-10-2 and OL-125 (NC). Variety OS-6 (NC) recorded the highest green fodder yield of oat (401.3 q/ha) followed by JO-03-97 (385.6 q/ha) and least by OS-777 (299.7 q/ha). Variety OS-6 (NC) also recorded the highest dry fodder yield (82.8 q/ha) followed by UPO-10-2 (79.6 q/ha) and least by OS-777 (57.8 q/ha). Highest protein content (14.7%) in oat was recorded by variety JHO-10-2 closely followed by SKO-170 (14.6%) and least by JO-03-97. Whereas highest protein yield was recorded by variety SKO-170 (10.6 q/ha) and least by OS-777 (8.3 q/ha). Application of nitrogen @ 120.0 kg/ha significantly increased the oat plant height from 89.9 to 126.8 cm, tillers row length/m from 68.6 to 88.1, green fodder yield of oat from 253.4 to 416.1 q/ha, dry fodder yield from 52.8 to 89.2 q/ha, protein content from 11.9 to 13.6 per cent and protein yield from 6.3 to 12.1 q/ha, respectively, over 40.0 and 80 kg N/ha.

Key words:Nitrogen levels, plant height, tillers, green fodder yield, dry fodder yield, protein content,
protein yield

122-125

STUDIES ON GENETIC VARIABILITY IN FORAGE MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)
M. CHAKROVORTY AND S. BORA NEOG
Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics
Assam Agricultural University
Jorhat-785 013 (Assam), India
*(e-mail : manoshiaub@gmail.com)
(Received : 20 June 2015; Accepted : 26 September 2015)

SUMMARY

The present study revealed significant variation for all the traits except leaf area ratio and leaf : stem ratio. A higher estimate of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was obtained for per day productivity of dry matter yield. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was exhibited by per day productivity of green forage yield and per day productivity of dry matter yield. This indicated that these characters were under the control of additive gene action. The mean performance of all the genotypes revealed that JCM-09-1 produced the highest green forage yield along with the highest per day productivity of green forage yield.

Key words:Genetic variability, per day productivity, green forage yield, forage maize

126-129

PERFORMANCE OF MEDIUM MATURING MAIZE HYBRIDS UNDER
HARYANA AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS
R. K. ARYA, M. C. KAMBOJ1 AND SURESH KUMAR
RDS Seed Farm
CCS Haryana Agricultural University
Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : rajesharya@hau.ernet.in)
(Received : 25 June 2015; Accepted : 20 August 2015)

SUMMARY

In the present study, 15 maize hybrids were evaluated at two locations viz., RDS Seed Farm, CCSHAU, Hisar and CCSHAU RRS, Karnal during kharif 2014 with the objective to know the performance of newly developed medium maturing maize hybrids under prevailing Haryana agro-climatic conditions. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for different characters. In environment I, JKMH 4545 (6776 kg/ha) was at the top followed by PMH 4 (Check) (6429 kg/ha), DKC 9144 (6386 kg/ha) and CMH 10-547 (6356 kg/ha). In environment II, HM 4 (Check) (10546 kg/ha) was top yielder followed by hybrid AQH 4 (10260 kg/ha), HM 10 (Check) (9965 kg/ha) and DKC 9145 (9956 kg/ha). But, on pooled basis, DKC 9145 with an average yield of 7979.5 kg/ha was at the top followed by HM 4 (Check) (7908 kg/ha), JKMH 4545 (7745.5 kg/ha) and DKC 9144 (7728 kg/ha).

Key words:Yield performance, medium maturity, maize, hybrids

130-134

GROWTH, YIELD OF FODDER OAT (AVENA SATIVA L.) AND AVAILABLE
SOIL NITROGEN AS INFLUENCED BY IRRIGATION AND NITROGEN
MANAGEMENT
HARIKESH JAT, M. K. KAUSHIK, R. C. TIWARI AND MAHENDRA SHARMA
Department of Agronomy
Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology
Udaipur-313 001 (Rajasthan), India

(Received : 10 June 2015; Accepted : 15 September 2015)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2013-14 at Instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur. The experiment comprised combinations of four irrigations and three nitrogen levels. Thus, all 12 treatments were evaluated in split-plot design with three replications keeping irrigation in main and nitrogen in sub-plots. The results indicated that application of irrigations produced significantly higher crop growth rate and dry fodder yield as well as available soil nitrogen after harvest of fodder oat crop. Similarly, addition of 110 kg N/ha significantly enhanced the crop growth rate and dry fodder yield as well as available soil nitrogen after harvest of oat crop. Application of irrigation and nitrogen did not significantly affect relative growth rate of fodder oat (Avena sativa L.) during the year of experiment.

Key words:Irrigation, nitrogen, CGR, RGR, yield, fodder oat

135-136

PERFORMANCE OF FORAGE PEARL MILLET GENOTYPES UNDER
DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS
L. K. MIDHA, SATYAWAN ARYA, PUMMI KUMARI AND U. N. JOSHI
Forage Section, Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding
CCS Haryana Agricultural University
Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : midhalalit55@gmail.com)
(Received : 28 July 2015; Accepted : 20 September 2015)

SUMMARY

A field experiment was conducted at main Forage Research Area of Department of Genetics & Plant Breeding, CCSHAU, Hisar during kharif 2012 to find out the relative performance of pearl millet genotypes at different nitrogen levels for high forage production. The treatments consisting of four pearl millet genotypes [NDFB-904, PAC-981, Raj Bajra Chari (NC) and Giant Bajra (NC)] and four nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N/ha) were laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The genotype Giant Bajra significantly outyielded all the other three genotypes. The growth and fodder yield of pearl millet genotypes were also influenced significantly by different nitrogen levels. The application of 90 kg N/ha produced 45, 18 and 8 per cent higher green fodder yield and 51, 22 and 13 per cent higher dry matter yield over 0, 30 and 60 kg N/ha, respectively.

Key words:Dry matter yield, nitrogen, crude protein, pearl millet

137-138