MALATHI M. VIJAYAKUMAR, SEVA NAYAK DHEERAVATHU*, VENKATESWARLU RONDA,
USHA T. N, THULASI BAI VADITHE, SAIDA NAIK VADITHE, DHEERAVATHU VENKATESHWARLU, VIJAYA KUMAR G, NILAMANI DIKSHIT AND SATPAL
ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Rajendra Nagar (Hyderabad), India
Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and
Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga (Karnataka), India
Department of Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh), India
ANGRAU-Agricultural Research Station, Jangameswarapuram, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh), India
CSIR- Central Food Technological Research Institute, Plant Cell Biotechnology Department,
Mysore (Karnataka), India
ANGRAU-Agricultural College, Bapatla, Guntur (Andhra Pradesh), India
ICAR- Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute, Jhansi (Uttar Pradesh), India
CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125 004 (Haryana), India
*(e-mail : sevanayak2005@gmail.com)
(Received : 10 September 2022; Accepted : 27 September2022)
SUMMARY
Owing to various anthropogenic activities, atmospheric CO2 concentration continues to rise and in turn enhance average global temperature causing climate warming. Elevated atmospheric CO2, enhances Ribulose1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (photosynthesis) activity and reduces
Ribulose1,5-bisphosphate oxygenase activity (photorespiration) in C3 plants. Annual mean temperature has increased about 0.4 ºC over the last century. Increased temperature affects crop yield, as it shortens plant growth and developmental phases. With continued increase in population, crop yields must also increase to meet the future requirements of food and fodder. This article reviews the impact of elevated CO2 and temperature on physiological and biochemical responses of cereals and forage crops and also the molecular adaptation strategies for the development of climateresilient crops for sustainable food and fodder security.
Key words: Climate change, molecular adaptation mechanism, cereals, forage crops